Evaluative conditioning (EC) is defined as the change in the evaluation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) due to its pairing with a positive or negative unconditioned stimulus (US). Although several individual studies suggest that EC is unaffected by unreinforced presentations of the CS without the US, a recent meta-analysis indicates that EC effects are less pronounced for post-extinction measure...

OBJECTIVES Social evaluative threat is an important factor in the cardiovascular response to mental stress. This study examined whether Type D personality, characterized by social inhibition and negative affectivity, is associated with an adverse cardiovascular response to a non-social and social evaluative threat. METHODS A total of 2300 students were screened for Type D personality, and 130...

An examination of a sample of 67 studies on research performance and productivity published between 1974 and 1998 identified two main perspectives named: evaluative approach and explanatory approach. The evaluative studies focus on assessing, comparing, and ranking researchers' performance. Though sometimes based on peer reviews, evaluative studies employ mainly bibliometric methods which stem ...

Ruminative self-focus on mood, problems and other aspects of self-experience can have both mal adaptive consequences, perpetuating depression, and, adaptive consequences, promoting recovery from upsetting events. Increasing evidence suggests that these contrasting effects may be explained by distinct varieties of ruminative self-focus, each with distinct functional properties. This study tested...

Cross-modal priming occurs when a prime presented in one sensory modality influences responses to a target in a different sensory modality. Currently, demonstrations of cross-modal evaluative priming have been sparse and limited. In the present study, we seek to partially rectify this state of affairs by examining cross-modal evaluative priming from auditory primes to visual targets. Significan...

This study compared autonomous self-regulation and negative self-evaluative emotions as predictors of smoking behavior change in college student smokers (N = 303) in a smoking cessation intervention study. Although the two constructs were moderately correlated, latent growth curve modeling revealed that only autonomous regulation, but not negative self-evaluative emotions, was negatively relate...

We propose to use semi-supervised learning methods to classify evaluative expressions, that is, tuples of subjects, their attributes, and evaluative words, that indicate either favorable or unfavorable opinions towards a specific subject. Due to its characteristics, the semisupervised method that we use can classify evaluative expressions in a corpus by their polarities. This can be accomplishe...

A well-demonstrated phenomenon in traditional Pavlovian conditioning research with humans is that of experimental extinction. In contrast, human evaluative conditioning research suggests that evaluative learning shows marked resistance to extinction. Here, the authors replicate both findings concurrently. Two differential fear conditioning experiments with an electrocutaneous stimulus as the un...

1 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 2 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 3 Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, 4 Institute of Health Policy Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 5 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences in Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, 6...