BACKGROUND Recent ecological research from Latin America has shown that infant health could be promoted through exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 0-3 months and partial breastfeeding throughout the remainder of infancy. METHODS In a cross-sectional study in 1995, the author interviewed 518 mothers with infants leq; 1 year in La Paz, Bolivia, to describe the breastfeeding pattern and its...

BACKGROUND Community-based peer support has been shown to be effective in improving exclusive breastfeeding rates in a variety of settings. METHODS We conducted a cost analysis of a community cluster randomised-controlled trial (Promise-EBF), aimed at promoting exclusive infant feeding in three sites in South Africa. The costs were considered from the perspective of health service providers. ...

Abstract In the spirit of conserving balance between interests coastal State and other States in exclusive economic zone ( eez ), Article 73(3) United Nations Convention for Law Sea unclos ) establishes that penalties violations fisheries laws regulations may not include imprisonment or corporal punishment unless otherwise agreed by concerned. As one countries suffering from illegal fishing, In...

Cetaceans play key roles in the world's ecosystems and provide important economic social benefits. New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone is a global biodiversity hotspot for cetaceans benefits from system of marine protected areas (MPAs). However, spatial patterns cetacean their overlap with MPAs have never been assessed. We quantify this by using comprehensive at-sea sightings database, high-r...

As the result of its centralized, exclusive economic model, Brazil has undergone a serious economic, political, and social crisis. The crisis is getting worse because the country is simultaneously undergoing extensive demographic, epidemiological, and technological changes. There is an urgent need to articulate various social groups to challenge and change the ongoing situation. A new historica...

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends six months of exclusive breastfeeding. Despite documented health, social and economic benefits, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding is quite low and information on influencing factors is limited especially from slum settlements. Our goal is to assess the prevalence and evaluate factors associated with early cessation of exclusive bre...