In Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries, the number of cases of dog-mediated human rabies is at its lowest since the onset of the Regional Program for Rabies Elimination in 1983, a commitment from LAC countries to eliminate dog-mediated rabies coordinated by the Pan American Health Organization. Despite minor setbacks, the decline in the number of human cases has been constant since 198...

Article history: Received on: 10/07/2012 Revised on: 03/08/2012 Accepted on:23/08/2012 Available online: 28/09/2012 Bacterial are well known for their ability to excrete enzymes into the environment. Bacillus sp. being industrially important organisms produces a wide variety of extra-cellular enzymes including proteases. Bacillus sp. isolated from local marine samples collected from Saudi Arabi...

Long-term typhoid carriers can simultaneously excrete Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi variants with considerable genetic differences, a situation that complicates the interpretation of the subtyping data used in outbreak investigations and disease surveillance.

An attempt has been made to review the nonlinearities in the disposition in vitro, in situ, in loci and in vivo mainly from a theoretical point of view. Parallel Michaelis-Menten and linear (first-order) eliminations are often observed in the cellular uptake, metabolism and efflux of drugs. The well-stirred and parallel-tube models are mainly adopted under steady-state conditions in perfusion e...