CAVEOLAE ARE SMALL, invaginated surface structures in the plasma membrane of fully differentiated cells such as endothelial cells, epithelial cells, adipocytes, and fibroblasts. The principal components of caveolae are proteins called caveolins, of which caveolin-1 (cav-1) is best characterized. The expression of cav-1 decrease in transformed cells, implying that cav-1 is an important molecule ...

Articulatory data obtained from X-ray films were analyzed to investigate articulatory coordination in Swedish vowels and dental and retroflex stops. Several quantitative frameworks for predicting observed tongue contours were evaluated. Performance was assessed on a set of articulations traced at the V1:C boundary in V1:CV2 sequences. The best model, as determined by an rms-criterion, had 3 par...

Slow-wave sleep as well as generalized absence seizures are characterized by the occurrence of synchronized oscillations in thalamocortical systems that spontaneously appear and disappear. The spontaneous appearance of synchronized oscillations results from the initiation by one or a small number of cells followed by the progressive recruitment of large numbers of neighboring neurons into the s...

Devaux and Gow demonstrate how a tight junction protein called claudin 11 makes the neuronal myelin sheath a snug fi t. Like the rubber coating on a copper wire, the myelin sheath—a membrane extension of glial cells that spirals around the axons of neurons—creates an insulation layer that prevents current leakage from axons and aids electrical conduction along the length of the axon. Claudin 11...