Exposure to vehicle exhaust can drive up to 70 % of excess lifetime cancer incidences due to air pollution in urban environments. Little is known about how exhaust-derived particles and organic pollutants, implicated in adverse health effects, are affected by freezing ambient temperatures and the presence of snow. Airborne particles and (semi)volatile organic constituents in dilute exhaust were...

With the growing number of new exhaust after-treatment systems, fuels and fuel additives for internal combustion engines, efficient and reliable methods for detecting exhaust genotoxicity and mutagenicity are needed to avoid the widespread application of technologies with undesirable effects toward public health. In a commonly used approach, organic extracts of particulates rather than complete...

BACKGROUND Most studies of the association between diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer suggest a modest, but consistent, increased risk. However, to our knowledge, no study to date has had quantitative data on historical diesel exposure coupled with adequate sample size to evaluate the exposure-response relationship between diesel exhaust and lung cancer. Our purpose was to evaluate the rel...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established strict regulations for highway diesel engine exhaust emissions of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to aid in meeting the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The emission standards were phased in with stringent standards for 2007 model year (MY) heavy-duty engines (HDEs), and even more stringent NOX standards for 201...

This effort investigated the feasibility of a revolutionary approach to open-cycle space power system exhaust containment. This approach makes use of state-of-the-art U.S. materials technology and unique designs developed at STD Research Corporation to control the effects of effluents from open-cycle MHD generators operating in space by bagging all the MHD exhaust products in light-weight imper...

— This paper is a primer into concepts and opportunities of chemical energy storage. Starting from the quest for decarbonisation we reveal the possibilities of chemical energy storage. We briefly discuss the critical role of catalysis as enabling technology. We concentrate on options of large-scale production of chemicals from CO2 and green hydrogen. We discuss one potential application of fuel...

Effect of organic compounds on nanoparticle formation in diluted diesel exhaust U. Mathis, M. Mohr, and R. Zenobi EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Laboratory for Internal Combustion Engines and Furnaces, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland ETH Hönggerberg, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Chemistry Department, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland Received: 6 November...

The wide application of communication, automation, computer and other technologies not only provides a new direction for the development home furnishing, but also makes concept “smart home” popular in recent years. purpose this study is to design complex control system smart healthcare based on PLC technology. First, research significance background are discussed, system, traditional PID contro...

Engine noise is mainly from exhaust noise. Without adding muffler, at a certain speed, the noise up to 100 decibels. Reduce engine exhaust noise, and to high-temperature exhaust gas can be safely and effectively. Muffler as part of exhaust pipe, should ensure that the exhaust flow, resistance and sufficient strength. This research takes an exhaust silencer as a study object, and a muffler sound...