Most natural populations experience some density dependence, and longterm average rates of population growth are likely to be close to zero (i.e., steady state). An essential question, therefore, is how and to what extent do density-dependent effects influence the responses of populations to toxicant impacts? Here we consider three general types of interaction between density dependence and tox...

α-Bi2O3 was synthesized via a hydrothermal method at 180 °C for 12 h in 1 (S1) and 2 (S2) M KOH aqueous solutions, using Bi(NO3)3•5H2O as raw material. The synthesized material was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) technique. The XRPD results indicated that by using 1M KOH aqueous solution, α-Bi2O3 was obtained with small fractions of β-Bi2O3, while 2M KOH solution resulted in pu...

The discrete multi-way layout is a widespread data-type associated with regression, experimental designs, gene or protein chips, digital images or videos, and more. A discrete multi-way layout has a finite number of factor level combinations. The layout may be unbalanced or incomplete or both. We consider candidate fits to an incomplete layout that are least squares fits to certain submodels in...

Before running a calculation code, it is necessary to collect and select the required entry data, data being a fundamental element upon which reasoning as well as research are based. In order to be rigorous, these practical elements should be managed in parallel with the modelling activities, aiming at common targets. For example, such a view is necessary for building relevant experimental desi...

University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Paper or Poster Presentation Abstract Teaching students the skills of planning and interpreting experiments is difficult. Students tend to focus on obtaining desired outcomes rather than on understanding causes and effects. Inquiry skills are increasingly important for students entering the health professions who may later conduct large-scale research s...

In previous chapters we analyzed data from so-called one-way experimental designs, in which subjects were randomly assigned to groups that di↵ered on a single treatment or grouping variable. In this chapter we will analyze data from factorial experiments. Factorial experiments contain two or more experimental variables. In a completely crossed factorial experiment, each level of every variable ...

Increasingly, statisticians and reliability engineers in industry are being asked to analyze reliability data. Because of the complicated nature of the data and models that are often encountered in reliability studies, statistical methods and corresponding software needed for appropriate analyses are not developed as well as methods and software needed for the analysis of standard experimental ...

S INCE Kiefer (1959) debuted the idea of optimal design of experiments, a vast literature has grown up around the notion of choosing a design based on some numerical criterion. The most common is D-optimality, which chooses the design minimizing the generalized variance of the regression parameter estimates. Though standard designs can be used in most design situations, optimal procedures are u...

This paper discusses social mechanisms of discrimination and reviews existing field experimental designs for their identification. We first explicate two social mechanisms proposed in the literature, animus-driven and statistical discrimination, to explain differential treatment based on ascriptive characteristics. We then present common approaches to study discrimination based on observational...

We present details about how the functions provided in pauwels2014 can be used to reproduce the results presented in [1]. We also describe how the system, model specifications and experimental settings were represented. The goal is to provide one with the capacity to reproduce research results to potentially adapt the method to other settings.