The transcellular signaling of neurotrophins is postulated, but evidence is scarce. We now show that a small number of NT4- and BDNF-overexpressing neurons in the cortical explant of thalamocortical cocultures rapidly evoked a Trk receptor-dependent upregulation of neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in interneurons. In contrast to BDNF, the action of NT4 was independent of calcium influx through NMDA re...

Aims-To investigate the level of matrix metalloproteinase activity during the time-course of cartilage explant proteoglycan breakdown; to determine the effects of selective small-molecule inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases on proteoglycan degradation.Methods-The levels of matrix metalloproteinase activity in cartilage explant cultures and conditioned media were monitored by use of a quench...

Porcine tracheal rings and lung explants alone and in combination with monolayer cultures of porcine lung fibroblasts (PLF) were separately inoculated with virulent strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and incubated at various times. The preparations were observed by bright-field, phase-contrast, and scanning electron microscopy. In PLF cultures, the strains at initial concentrations of 10(1.3) ...

Neural retina can be isolated from mouse embryos and maintained in culture for 2-3 weeks. In such retinal explant cultures, precursor cells differentiate into neurons and glial cells and form three cellular layers, mimicking well the normal development. This explant culture system is suitable for genetic manipulation, such as retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Retroviral vectors can efficiently...

Abstract Introduction The Penuma penile implant (PPI) is a subcutaneous silicone intended to increase length and girth. Only one case report series of four patients have been published on the complications PPIs. Objective To single center experience treating PPI both prior after removal. Methods Patients with history surgery treated at our were identified between 2012 2022. Demographic data, da...

In a new report, Bayin et al. described an ex vivo explant model to test the patient-specific response to transforming growth factor-β inhibition in high-grade gliomas.

BACKGROUND The Freestyle stentless aortic root bioprosthesis has excellent hemodynamics and durability through 10 years. The purpose of this report is to present clinical outcomes in a large multicenter cohort through 15 years. METHODS The multicenter evaluation of the Freestyle valve began in 1992 at 21 centers in North America and Europe. In 1997, a long-term study continued, including 725 ...

The upper respiratory tract mucosa represents the first line of defense, which has to be overcome by pathogens before invading the host. Considering the economic and ethical aspects involved in using experimental animals for pathogenesis studies, respiratory mucosal explants, in which the tissue's three-dimensional architecture is preserved, may be ideal alternatives. Different respiratory muco...

A gastrointestinal explant culture system was developed and compared to the mononuclear cell extraction and enzyme-linked immunospot assay method for measurement of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in gastric antral and duodenal biopsies of non-Helicobacter pylori-infected volunteers. IgA and IgG were detected in explant supernatants during 6 to 7 days of culture i...

We describe mesendoderm morphogenesis during gastrulation in the frog Xenopus laevis and investigate the mechanics of these movements with tissue explants. When a dorsal marginal zone explant is plated onto fibronectin, the mesendoderm moves away from the dorsal axial tissues as an intact sheet. Mesendodermal cells within these explants display monopolar protrusive activity and radially interca...