[1] The output of gas and tephra from volcanoes is an inherently disorganized process that makes reliable flux estimates challenging to obtain. Continuous monitoring of gas flux has been achieved in only a few instances at subaerial volcanoes, but never for submarine volcanoes. Here we use the first sustained (yearlong) hydroacoustic monitoring of an erupting submarine volcano (NW Rota-1, Maria...

Abstract Pyroclastic density currents are hazardous, ground-hugging, hot mixtures of gas and solid particles produced by volcanoes. Currents generated the largest explosive eruptions have traveled distances on order 100 km, their devastating impact has repeatedly marked Earth's geologic history. We show that pyroclastic from super-eruptions during Oligocene in Great Basin United States had exce...

Campi Flegrei is a large volcanic complex located west of the city of Naples, Italy. The area has been the site of volcanic activity for more than 60 ka and represents a potential volcanic hazard owing to the large local population. In this study, the geochemistry of the magma associated with two different eruptions at Campi Flegrei has been characterized, with the aim to identify geochemical t...