We describe a method for learning statistical models of images using a second-order hidden Markov mesh model. We show that the Viterbi algorithm approach used for segmenting Markov chains can be extended to Markov meshes. The segmental k-means algorithm can then be applied to iteratively estimate the state transition matrix and the probability densities of the observations for the model. We als...

Phrase alignment is a crucial step in phrase-based statistical machine translation. We explore a way of improving phrase alignment by adding syntactic information in the form of chunks as soft constraints guided by an in-depth and detailed analysis on a hand-aligned data set. We extend a probabilistic phrase alignment model that extracts phrase pairs by optimizing phrase pair boundaries over th...

In a hidden Markov model, the underlying Markov chain is usually hidden. Often, the maximum likelihood alignment (Viterbi alignment) is used as its estimate. Although having the biggest likelihood, the Viterbi alignment can behave very untypically by passing states that are at most unexpected. To avoid such situations, the Viterbi alignment can be modified by forcing it not to pass these states...

This paper presents an initial study to perform Iarge-vocabuIary continuous Mandarin speech recognition based on a Segmental Probability Model(SPM) approach. SPM was first proposed for recognition of isolated Mandarin syllables, in which every syllable must be equally segmented before recognition. Therefore, A concatenated syllable matching algorithm in place of the conventional Viterbi search ...

Error correction is an integral part of any communication system and for this purpose, the convolution codes are widely used as forward error correction codes. For decoding of convolution codes, at the receiver end Viterbi Decoder is being employed. The parameters of Viterbi algorithm can be changed to suit a specific application. The high speed and small area are two important design parameter...

The eficiency of a Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (COFDM) receiver can be improved by use of a Pre-FFT equaliser (PFE). This technique is known as combined OFDM-equalisation. This paper considers the noise amplification effect of the PFE and its effect on the performance of a combined COFDM-equalisation modem and proposes a method to improve this performance. This paper first ...

In this paper the problem of loitering detection in image sequences involving situations with multiple objects is studied. A multi camera approach is used to incorporate data from several cameras viewing the same scene. A Hidden Markov Model describing the movements of a varying number of objects as well as their entries and exits is used. The maximum likelihood over all possible state sequence...

The Viterbi algorithm is the maximum likelihood algorithm that is used for the decoding of convolutional codes. In order to determine the survivor path in a trellis, it is necessary to calculate the metrics of each branch. In this paper, we propose a method that reduces the number of branches in the trellis and consequently its complexity, based on the reliability of the received signal samples...

For a convolutional encoding and Viterbi decoding system, two insertion/deletion/substitution (IDS) error correcting techniques are presented in this paper. In the first means, by using the pruned convolutional codes, a rate compatible encoding system can adapt the transmission according to the state of the channel having IDS errors. In the second means, a convolutional encoded sequence is deco...