Semen samples were collected from eight males of Goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio) and cryopreserved using four extenders (Goldfish sperm extenders; GFSE 1– GFSE 4) supplemented with Methanol (MeOH) at concentration of 5%, 10% and 20%. Semen was diluted with ratio of 1:1 with extenders and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. Frozen sperms after 2 and 5 days were excluded from freezing. Experime...

The bark of southern red oak (Quercus falcala Michx. var. falcala) is a rich source of quercitrin (quercetin3-rhamnoside). It contains only low concentrations of (+ )-catechin and no significant amounts of epicatechin or gallocatechin. The three major dimeric proanthocyanidins present are epicatechin(4f,>8)-catechin, catechin-(4a>8)-catechin and the 3-gallate ester of epicatechin-( 4~>8)-catech...

Background: Egg yolk is the main cryoprotectant agent in semen freezing extenders which is used in order to protect spermatozoa against cold shock. However, elimination of animal bioproducts from the cryopreservation protocol is becoming mandatory. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare a previously studied, homemade soya bean lecithin based extender with a commercially available extend...

Malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase (MAT), the fabD gene product of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), participates in both fatty acid and polyketide synthesis pathways, transferring malonyl groups that are used as extender units in chain growth from malonyl-CoA to pathway-specific acyl carrier proteins (ACPs). Here, the 2.0 A structure reveals an invariant arginine bound to an acetate that mimics the mal...

Natural fibre reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) foams, as potential green replacements for petroleum-based polymer foams, were investigated. Highly porous (ε > 95%) microcellular PLA foams were manufactured by supercritical CO2 assisted extrusion process. To overcome the inherent low melt strength of PLA, epoxyfunctionalized chain extender was applied, while talc was added to improve its crystal...