Introduction During routine dissection in the gross anatomy course, the author was called to confirm the absence of the right extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in a 49-year-old Caucasian male who died of pneumonia. Once confirmed, the author also noted the left foot had only a single EDL tendon to the fifth toe. Further dissection by the author revealed other tendon variations. During the ...

Injury to muscle and tendon structures can substantially affect individual joint mobility and stability. Furthermore, muscle and tendon injuries can alter movement of the entire body and ultimately limit functional participation in life activities. The goal of this chapter is to aid the clinician in identifying and treating muscle and tendon injuries. Specifically, the objectives of this chapte...

Distal biceps tendon rupture accounts for only 3% 10% of all biceps tendon injuries. The majority of distal biceps tendon injuries are from complete rupture. It is especially rare to diagnose partial rupture of the distal biceps tendon. Our case profiles a chronic partial tear of the distal biceps tendon in a pediatric patient.

Background As compared with injuries involving muscle only, those involving the central hamstring tendon have a worse prognosis. Limited information is available regarding the surgical treatment of central tendon injuries of the hamstrings. Purpose To describe the operative treatment and outcomes of central tendon injuries of the hamstrings among athletes. Study Design Case series; Level of...

INTRODUCTION Simultaneous contraction of the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) with forced hyperflexion of the wrist can result in avulsion of the tendon and its bony attachment at its insertion at the dorsum of the base of the second metacarpal. This is a rare and often unreported fracture pattern. CASE PRESENTATION We present a 31- year- old male who sustained a hyperflexion injury. He ...

Moment arm, muscle architecture, and tendon compliance in cadaveric human forearms were determined and used to model the wrist torque-joint angle relation (i.e. wrist torque profile). Instantaneous moment arms were calculated by differentiating tendon excursion with respect to joint rotation. Maximum isometric tension of each wrist muscle-tendon unit was predicted based on muscle physiological ...

BACKGROUND Functional loss is a common complication of the fractured distal part of the radius. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the moment arms of the first dorsal extensor compartment are altered by distal radial fracture malunion. We hypothesized that the moment arms of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis are significantly affected by dorsal angulati...