The modeling of trading wars is now an actual and modern problem although the first works on optimization of the custom duties date back to the end of the 19th century. The problem of reducing the number of possible solutions to the conflict and precise identifying of the optimal strategies is important. Applying a mathematical model makes the problem more formal, allows removing political tens...

As economists have known since Adam Smith, free trade should benefit all nations by allowing them to take advantage of gains from specialization.1 Indeed, the benefits of trade are supposed to justify unilateral liberalization: as the late British economist Joan Robinson once remarked, if your trading partner throws rocks into his harbor, that is no reason to throw rocks into your own. While un...

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Introduction. The study is devoted to a comprehensive of the global trade system in conditions economic instability, particular, identification and analysis determinants deepening its asymmetries regional perspective. contains description peculiarities modern regulatory regime, including tariff non-tariff methods regulating cross-border key trends development.
 Aim tasks. purpose diagnose ...

In several African regions, economic integration has successfully reduced tariff protection by freezing the opportunity to raise applied tariffs against fellow partners above those promised. this paper, we examine whether regional commitments on continent have come at expense of adverse side-effects prevalence other - nontariff trade barriers. More specifically, not only amplified overhangs dif...

This paper studies the location choice of foreign multinational firms in Baltic economies Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania using a knowledge-and-physical capital model across 2004–2017. We used Bayesian averaging estimation method to investigate set possible factors that drive inward FDI. Our analysis demonstrates factor endowments play dominant role driving vertical direct investment, while exte...