peutz–jeghers syndrome is a rare condition characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentation, polyposis and an increased cancer risk at a number of gastrointestinal and extra intestinal organs. we present a patient with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding with no mucocutaneous pigmentation. upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed multiple polyps located in the deuodenum and colon. hist...

The host's ability to discriminate friend and foe and to establish a precise homeostasis with its associated microbiota is crucial for its survival and fitness. Among the mediators of intestinal host-microbe interactions, NOD-like receptor (NLR) proteins take center stage. They are present in the epithelial lining and innate immune cells that constantly monitor microbial activities at the intes...

H. pylori is a gram negative bacterium which settles in the stomach mucosa and causes inflammation and infection. The infection is strongly related to duodenal ulceration, gastric ulceration, and from time to time gastric carcinoma. There are many studies in which the relationship between the infection of this quite old but current bacterium in stomach /duodenum and different extra-intestinal d...