Tuberculosis is known from ancient times. Recently HIV and Tuberculosis emerged as an important treatable co-epidemic especially in developing countries. Extra-Pulmonary Tubercular involvement is one of the important manifestations of Tuberculosis especially in HIV co-infected patients. But the extrapulmonary manifestations vary between patients of Tuberculosis with HIV and without HIV co infec...

One of the recommended strategies for preventing tuberculosis is to screen high-risk populations with respect to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate latent infection and active tuberculosis in people with close household contact. It was a cross-sectional descriptive, analytical study with the sample size of 668 people from homes with one in...

HTLV-1 infection has a worldwide distribution but the majority of patients infected by the virus are in Africa, Central and South American and in the Southern of Japan [1]. The HTLV-1 associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) are the main diseases related to the virus but they occur in less than 5% of infected subjects [2]. However, nowadays...

Background: Lower lung field tuberculosis is atypical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis which often causes confusion in diagnosis. HIV/AIDS epidemic has considerably increased its incidence. This study was designed to identify the prevalence and different clinical conditions of lung tuberculosis in conjunction with its common clinical and radiological presentations and its treatment. Metho...

magnesium is an essential metal that has important roles in physiological function of the body organs. ethambutol is an oral antitubercular agent with chelating effects owing to its chemical structure. the aim of present study is to determine whether ethambutol usage can alter serum magnesium concentration in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. sixty patients with diagnosis of pulmonary tuber...

Abstract Optic nerve tuberculoma is a rare extra-pulmonary manifestation of mycobacterial infection. It usually associated with HIV infected patients. Due to its clinical polymorphism, the diagnosis and management disease either in immunocompetent patients immunocompromised ones remains challenging. Herein, we discuss case 32-year-old patient no history immunodeficiency admitted for multifocal ...

Though pulmonary tuberculosis is the common presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is also a growing problem worldwide. Tuberculous pleural effusion is the second frequent form of extra-pulmonary presentation after tuberculous lymphadenitis and if untreated up to 65% of patients with tubercular pleural effusions will eventually develop active TB. Trad...

Background and Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) is still responsible for a wide range of deaths worldwide. Beijing genotype is one of the most important and virulent strains in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study was designed for determination Beijing genotypes of M. tuberculosis in Golestan province, north of Iran. Materials and Methods In the current descriptive study, 238 clinical MTB isola...