When referring to a target object in a visual scene, speakers are assumed to consider certain distractor objects that are visible to be more relevant than others. However, previous research that has tested this assumption has mainly applied offline measures of visual attention, such as the occurrence of overspecification in speakers’ target descriptions. Therefore, in the current study, we take...

Visual attention plays a critical role in game playing. A better understanding of the allocation of visual attention can benefit the design of game scenarios. In this paper we propose to design games in different difficulty levels based on the estimation of attention. We use eye movement information in an analysis of attention. Eye fixation and pursuit conditions are considered separately.We fi...

Replying to several research calls, I report promising results from an initial experiment which compares different negotiation support system approaches concerning their potential to reduce a user’s cognitive workload. Using a novel laboratory-based non-intrusive objective measurement technique which derives the user’s cognitive workload from pupillary responses and eye-movements, I experimenta...

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An observer’s eye movements are often informative about how the observer interacts with and processes a visual stimulus. Here, we are specifically interested in what eye movements reveal about how the content of information visualizations is processed. Conversely, by pooling over many observers’ worth of eye movements, what can we learn about the general effectiveness of different visualization...

As a type of symbol, there are four dimensions in icons’ symbolic interpretation, namely semantic, syntactic, contextual and pragmatic dimension. Among those dimensions, semantic dimension is the most important one in user’s cognitive analysis. Based on the representation of semantics, icons can be classified into four types, namely function-metaphor, operation-metaphor, object-metaphor and mea...

Cross-ratio (CR)-based eye tracking has been attracting much interest due to its simple setup, yet its accuracy is lower than that of the model-based approaches. In order to improve the estimation accuracy, a multi-camera setup can be exploited rather than the traditional single camera systems. The overall gaze point can be computed by fusion of available gaze information from all cameras. This...

Motion tracking has been employed by industry for many years but has remained an expensive and difficult process. Specialist equipment and the requirement for a highly controlled environment are obstacles stopping tracking from breaking into the consumer market. This project aims to demonstrate that high accuracy optical tracking can be achieved using inexpensive video cameras in an unconstrain...

SUMMARY In order to investigate reading processes of Japanese language learners, we have conducted an experiment to record eye movements during Japanese text reading using an eye-tracking system. We showed that Japanese native speakers use " forward and backward jumping eye movements " frequently [13], [14]. In this paper, we analyzed further the same eye tracking data. Our goal is to examine w...