Initial adherence to host cells is the first step of the infection of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains. The importance of this step in the infection resides in the fact that (1) adherence is the first contact between bacteria and intestinal cells without which the other steps cannot occur and (...

This study compares alternative measures of the potential and actual pollution content of China’s trade using an environmental I-O methodology. Using the conventional, potential measure adopted by other researchers, we find that China ‘saves’ on local environmental resources by exporting goods that on average embody less pollution content than imports would if they were produced locally in Chin...

In order not to see their climate mitigation efforts be in vain by the unlimited growth in China and India, the developed world has started to consider imposing border tax adjustments on imports from these fast developing countries. This paper puts this problem into a game-theoretic perspective. It sets up the problem as a game between the developed world deciding on three regimes of border tax...

—Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) onboard the FengYun (FY)-3A/B satellites of China After extensive on-orbit calibrations, the MWRI Level-1 data were collocated in space and time with the data from Aqua AMSR-E, F18 SSMIS and TRMM TMI for cross-calibration. A forward radiative transfer model was used to simulate the clear sky brightness temperatures at the MWRI frequencies over ocean. The diffe...

This paper explains why the approach taken so far to mitigate global climate change has failed. The central reason is an inability to enforce targets and timetables. Current proposals recommending even stricter emission limits will not help unless they are able to address the enforcement deficit. Trade restrictions are one means for doing so, but trade restrictions pose new problems, particular...

This paper presents the DREDD (Dependability and Risk Evaluation using Decision Diagrams) algorithm which incorporates coverage modeling into a BDD solution of a combinatorial model. BDDs, which do not use cutsets to generate system unreliability, may be used to nd exact solutions for extremely large systems. The DREDD algorithm takes advantage of the e ciency of the BDD solution approach and i...

The use of positron emission tomography (PET) using F18 labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for both oncology disease staging and radiation therapy target volume delineation has steadily increased over the last decade, and FDG-PET is today readily available in all major medical centers. The goal of anti tumor treatment, including chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy is to diminish a tumor cell po...

In order to investigate the significance of overshoot acceleration in FHR with acidosis induced by serial cord compression, cerebral glucose metabolic rate (CMRglc) was measured in four chronically instrumented fetuses before cord compression and immediately after appearance of the overshoot acceleration in FHR. The investigation of CMRglc was carried out using positron emission tomography to a...