Valproic acid can be determined by gas-chromatography as the free acid after its extraction (1 ) or derivatization to form methyl, butyl, or phenacyl estars (2-4), the latter methods being more complicated for routine analyses. Other procedures, such as enzyme immunoassay (Syva Co., Palo Alto, CA 94304) or fluoroimmunoassay (Miles Inc., Elkhart, IN 46515), which do not require serum extraction,...

The deformation of metals having the body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal lattice [1] is thought to occur by the glide of dislocations with a Burgers vector of 1 /2<111> [2, 3] or by twinning [4]. The present study is concerned with the deformation of the BCC, period-6 (third-series), transition metal, Tantalum [5, 6]. Although the slip planes have been discussed and modeled since before 1970 (see...

Plant breeding by researchers has become increasingly isolated from the plant breeding of farmers. Collaborative plant breeding (CPB) offers the possibility of bringing these two plant breeding traditions together to increase the usefulness of new crop varieties to farmers, especially small-scale farmers working in stress environments with limited external inputs. This paper presents a framewor...

Lung cancer remains one of the most deadly of all human cancers despite decades of research. Although the 5-year survival rate nearly tripled from f5% to f15% in the last 25 years, and although adjuvant chemotherapy may yet inch up these statistics slightly to those predicted in the 2007 estimated cancer statistics (1), the sheer number of cases and the growing lung cancer problem worldwide dic...

BACKGROUND A quarter of people with psychotic conditions experience persistent auditory verbal hallucinations, despite treatment. AVATAR therapy (invented by Julian Leff in 2008) is a new approach in which people who hear voices have a dialogue with a digital representation (avatar) of their presumed persecutor, voiced by the therapist so that the avatar responds by becoming less hostile and co...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: F30 G14 G15 Keywords: Hurst exponent Financial crisis Financial contagion Efficiency Stock markets MFDMA algorithm Copula models This study analyzes how the 2008 and 2010 financial crises, which began in the US and Greece respectively, affected the Hurst exponents of index returns of the stock markets of Belgium, France, Greece, Japan, the Netherlands, ...

1 Disease Duration and Effects of IVIG 2 3 Short Title: SSc duration and cholinergic transmission 4 5 Sumit Kumar1, Jagmohan Singh1, Ramalinga Kedika1, Fabian Mendoza2, Sergio 6 A. Jimenez3, Erik S. Blomain4, Anthony J. DiMarino1, Sidney Cohen1, and Satish 7 Rattan1 8 9 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2Division of 10 Rheumatology, 3Jefferson Institute of Mo...

Kazuki Watanabe Hydrographic Department, Japan Maritime Safety Agency, 3–1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan Abstract A new and detailed bathymetric map of the Myojinsho shallow submarine volcano provides a framework to interpret the physical volcanology of its 1952–1953 eruption, especially how the silicic pyroclasts, both primary and reworked, enlarged the volcano and were dispersed ...

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently released their DataBook for 2013 (National Institutes of Health DataBook, 2013), a laudable effort to increase the transparency of who applies for and is awarded grants. Dr. Jeremy Berg, former director of the National Institute of General Medical Science, deserves a shout-out for instigating the release of data used to drive decisions of funding...

In the highly inbred Strong A strain of mice, an attempt to produce divergent sub-strains with regard to age distribution of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas by means of selective breeding proved ineffectual.' It was concluded that this result was an exemplification of Johannsen's genetic principle that pure lines are not amenable to selection. Conversely, Kreyberg8 succeeded in selecting di...