■ Abstract Until recently, CP violation had been observed only in kaon decays. In order to conclusively interpret CP violation and test whether it can be explained in the framework of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, two asymmetric B factories, KEK-B and PEP-II, were constructed in the past decade. Recent measurements with the two detectors at these B factories clearly established large CP...

Turkish Sugar Inc., a public enterprise including 25 factories, is the first corporation of Turkish industry. According to the government policy, public sugar factories PSFs will be privatized as geography-based 6 portfolio groups in two years. As performance measures of PSF affect government, sugar producers, and several unions in privatizing process, a systematic approach is necessary to meas...

How transcription affects the way specific genes are arranged within the nucleus remains to be fully understood. We examine here whether transcription occurs in discrete sites (factories) containing the required machinery and whether these sites specialize in transcribing different genes. We cotransfected plasmids encoding a common origin of replication but different transcription units into ce...

To encounter the challenges of faster changing markets and growing individualization of customer requests as well as to efficiently deal with internal disturbances like machine failures, an enhanced adaptability and flexibility of industrial factories is required. In this paper, challenges in the engineering of adaptable and flexible factories are highlighted, which remain unsolved from an indu...

Autonomous software agents are dynamic entitities: they are capable of discovering a need for change for additional knowledge and/or functionality on the basis of their analysis of specific situations. Agent factories are capable of redesigning and reactivating agents on the basis of the information provided by agents and/or knowledge available within the agent factories. As a result agents may...

Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is consumed as a biological energy source by many intracellular reactions. Thus, the intracellular ATP supply is required to maintain cellular homeostasis. The dependence on the intracellular ATP supply is a critical factor in bioproduction by cell factories. Recent studies have shown that changing the ATP supply is critical for improving product yields. In this ...

While mapping total and poly-adenylated human transcriptomes has now become routine, characterizing nascent transcripts remains challenging, largely because nascent RNAs have such short half-lives. Here, we describe a simple, fast and cost-effective method to isolate RNA associated with transcription factories, the sites responsible for the majority of nuclear transcription. Following stimulati...

In today’s turbulent environment, companies are faced with two principal challenges. On the one hand, it is necessary to produce ever more cost-effectively to remain competitive. On the other hand, factories need to be transformable in order to manage unpredictable changes in the corporate environment. To deal with these different challenges, companies use the philosophy of lean production in t...

Nike and other brand companies have long been the target of widespread criticism for outsourcing their manufacturing production to contract factories with dismal working conditions. Despite the overwhelming amount of public interest, there exists no theory for studying this topic. The current paper fills this gap. In the model, the most productive firms in the North make high profits and outsou...

Cell factories are commonly microbial organisms utilized for bioconversion of renewable resources to bulk or high value chemicals. Introduction of novel production pathways in chassis strains is the core of the development of cell factories by synthetic biology. Synthetic biology aims to create novel biological functions and systems not found in nature by combining biology with engineering. The...