نتایج جستجو برای: fear conditioning
تعداد نتایج: 87328 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Painful stimuli are known to engage an endorphin analgesic system that can be reversed by the opiate antagonist, naloxone. Naloxone, then, should increase the effectiveness of aversive unconditioned stimuli (USs) in Pavlovian fear conditioning. Consistent with this hypothesis, naloxone administered during the acquisition of conditioned suppression in rats enhanced posttrial suppression and prec...
Contextual fear conditioning was maintained over a 15-day retention interval suggesting no forgetting of the conditioning experience. However, a more subtle generalization test revealed that, as the retention interval increased, rats showed enhanced generalized fear to an altered context. Preexposure to the training context prior to conditioning, however, prevented this enhanced generalized fea...
The authors propose that a multimodal classical conditioning model be considered when clinicians or clinical researchers study the etiology of fears and anxieties learned by human beings. They argue that fears can be built through the combined effects of direct, observed, and verbally presented classical conditioning trials. Multimodal classical conditioning is offered as an alternative to the ...
It has been proposed that contextual fear conditioning depends on 2 processes: (a) construction of a conjunctive representation of the features that make up the context and (b) association of the representation with shock. Support for this view comes from studies indicating that prior exposure to the conditioning context facilitates contextual fear conditioning supported by immediate shock. Thu...
Inhibitory neurotransmission in amygdala is important for fear learning and memory. However, mechanisms that control the inhibitory activity in amygdala are not well understood. We provide evidence that neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and its receptor ErbB4 tyrosine kinase are critical for maintaining GABAergic activity in amygdala. Neutralizing endogenous NRG1, inhibition, or genetic ablation of ErbB4, wh...
Pavlovian fear conditioning has emerged as a leading behavioral paradigm for studying the neurobiological basis of learning and memory. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the neural substrates of fear conditioning at the systems level, until recently little has been learned about the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The success of systems-level work aimed...
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