the location-routing problem is a relatively new branch of logistics system. its objective is to determine a suitable location for constructing distribution warehouses and proper transportation routing from warehouse to the customer. in this study, the location-routing problem is investigated with considering fuzzy servicing time window for each customer. another important issue in this regard ...

in this article, multiple-product pvrp with pickup and delivery that is used widely in goods distribution or other service companies, especially by railways, was introduced. a mathematical formulation was provided for this problem. each product had a set of vehicles which could carry the product and pickup and delivery could simultaneously occur. to solve the problem, two meta-heuristic methods...

Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a very challenging task due to the large number of nodes, their mobility and lack of proper infrastructure. Since the sensors are battery powered devices, energy efficiency is considered as one of the main factors in designing routing protocols in WSNs. Most of energy-aware routing protocols are mere energy savers that attempt to decrease the energy...

using greedy clustering method to solve capacitated location-routing problem with fuzzy demands abstract in this paper, the capacitated location routing problem with fuzzy demands (clrp_fd) is considered. in clrp_fd, facility location problem (flp) and vehicle routing problem (vrp) are observed simultaneously. indeed the vehicles and the depots have a predefined capacity to serve the customerst...

which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Natural killer (NK) cells are derived from CD34＋ hematopoietic progenitor cells. NK cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that function as both cytotoxic effectors and immunoregulatory cells secreting cytokines and chemokines. However, considerab...

Today, one of the new technologies in the modern era is Vehicular Ad-hoc Network which has takenenormous attention in the recent years. Because of rapid topology changing and frequent disconnectionmakes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data between vehicles, called V2V orvehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to roadside infrastructure, called V2I. Designin...

Although human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can proliferate robustly on the feeder-free culture system, genetic instability of hPSCs has been reported in such environment. Alternatively, feeder cells enable hPSCs to maintain their pluripotency. The feeder cells are usually grown in a culture medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) prior to coculture with hPSCs. The use of FBS might limit t...

BACKGROUND Human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines were first cultured using fetal mouse fibroblasts as feeder cells. To avoid feeders and to reduce the amount of xeno-components, Matrigel- and laminin-coated dishes, and conditioned mouse feeder cell medium have been used, and hES cells have also been cultured on human fetal muscle and skin, and adult Fallopian tube epithelial cells. METHODS We...

Feeder-free human embryonic stem cell (hESC) culture is associated with the presence of mesenchymal-like cells appearing at the periphery of the colonies. The aim of this study was to identify this early differentiation process. Long-term feeder-free hESC cultures using matrigel and conditioned medium from mouse and from human origin revealed that the appearance of mesenchymal-like cells was si...