The environment in which the fetus develops is critical for its survival and long-term health. The regulation of normal human fetal growth involves many multidirectional interactions between the mother, placenta, and fetus. The mother supplies nutrients and oxygen to the fetus via the placenta. The fetus influences the provision of maternal nutrients via the placental production of hormones tha...

Rh incompatibility [4] occurs when a pregnant woman whose blood type is Rh-negative is exposed to Rh-positive blood from her fetus [5], leading to the mother?s development of Rh antibodies. These antibodies have the potential to cross the placenta [6] and attach to fetal red blood cells, resulting in hemolysis, or destruction of the fetus?s red blood cells. This causes the fetus [5] to become a...

Rh incompatibility [4] occurs when a pregnant woman whose blood type is Rh-negative is exposed to Rh-positive blood from her fetus [5], leading to the mother?s development of Rh antibodies. These antibodies have the potential to cross the placenta [6] and attach to fetal red blood cells, resulting in hemolysis, or destruction of the fetus?s red blood cells. This causes the fetus [5] to become a...

During the 70s and 80s ethical debate concerning the fetus became intensive. The great advances made in medical technology and research and improvements in prenatal diagnosis as well as in embryological research have led us to believe that the fetus is an individual with recognised claims to protection. In Sweden the aborted fetus has previously been considered merely as a risk-disposal problem...

Campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal illness and, occasionally, severe systemic infections. Infections mainly affect persons at higher risk, including elderly and immunocompromised individuals and those with occupational exposure to infected animals. Outbreaks are infrequent but have provided insight into sources. Source attribution of sporadic cases through case-control interviews has not ...

Superoxide dismutase (SOD, superoxide:superoxide reductase, EC 1.15.1.1) activity was studied in 23 strains of Campylobacter spp. using disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Different enzyme patterns were observed with extracts of different species of Campylobacter; three migration bands were found in all strains of C. sputorum subsp. sputorum and C. sputorum subsp. bubulus (relative mobilit...

Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD) and Langer mesomelic dysplasia (LMD) are caused by mutations in the SHOX gene. LWD results from haploinsufficiency and is dominantly inherited, while the more severe LMD results from the homozygous loss of SHOX. We describe a family and fetus with two SHOX mutations. Several relatives carry an approximately 200 kb interstitial deletion that includes the whole ...

Fetus in fetu (FIF) is an extremely rare cause of infantile abdominal mass where a rudimentary, malformed monozygotic-diamniotic twin grows inside the other twin. We describe a male infant with double or twin fetuses in fetu. The diagnosis was made on a computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and confirmed on surgery. Surgical excision was done and the baby did well post operatively.

Eleven cases of the rare condition of fetus papyraceus are described and reviewed.

Chapter 4 Nutrition in Pregnancy and Growth of the Fetus..............................................................93 EFFECTS OF PREVIOUS HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE MOTHER .....95 FETAL GROWTH.........................................................................................................................98 NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE FETUS..................................