the aim of the present research was to study the effective factors of corruption in sport organizations and football federation of iran was selected as the case study. research method was descriptive application survey and all staff of football federation of i.r. iran (n=131) were considered as the population while the sample equalled the population. to collect data, a questionnaire (khodadad h...

We investigate the problem of cross-cultural interactions through mass media in a model where two populations of social agents, each with its own internal dynamics, get information about each other through reciprocal global interactions. As the agent dynamics, we employ Axelrod's model for social influence. The global interaction fields correspond to the statistical mode of the states of the ag...

208 words) 3 Understanding the consequences of environmental change on both long and short term ecological and 4 evolutionary dynamics is a basic prerequisite for any effective conservation or management 5 programme but inherently problematic because of the complex interplay between ecological and 6 evolutionary processes. Components of such complexity have been described in isolation or within...

1. We review theoretical and empirical studies to identify instances where evolutionary processes significantly affect the dynamics of populations, communities and ecosystems. 2. Early theoretical work on eco-evolutionary dynamics was concerned with the effect of (co)evolution on the stability of two-species predator–prey systems and the occurrence of character displacement in simple competitiv...

The first man reported in the world literature exhibiting habitual quadrupedal locomotion was discovered by a British traveler and writer on the famous Bagdad road near Havsa/Samsun on the middle Black Sea coast of Turkey (Childs, 1917). The man most probably belonged to a Greek family, since the region of Havsa was populated by Greek people during the time of the Ottoman Empire. He possibly be...

Spectacular achievements in the health of individuals have not been matched by equivalent improvement in the health of whole populations. Indeed it is against the background of deterioration in levels of population health in some parts of the world and the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases in association with powerful globalizing forces that there has been a recrudescence of int...

While stress is expected to increase developmental instability (DI), not all studies confirm this. This heterogeneity could in part be due to the use of subtle differences between the left and right side of bilateral symmetrical organisms to quantify DI, leading to large sampling error obscuring associations with DI. Traits that develop simultaneously more than twice (such as flower petals or b...

We modelled the population phenology of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Yponomeutidae) with a simple degree day model implemented using DYMEX, a population dynamics modelling program. Predicted and observed developmental periods of DBM reared under field conditions during the months of October 1999 to February 2000 at Forthside Research Station, Tasmania (which is in the t...

We show that autocatalytic networks of -machines and their population dynamics differ substantially between spatial (geographically distributed) and nonspatial (panmixia) populations. Generally, regions of spacetime-invariant autocatalytic networks—or domains—emerge in geographically distributed populations. These are separated by functional membranes of complementary -machines that actively tr...