In this paper, we provide a new perspective for understanding cross-sectional properties of equity returns. We explicitly introduce financial leverage in a simple equity valuation model and consider the likelihood of a firm defaulting on its debt obligations as well as potential deviations from the absolute priority rule (APR) upon the resolution of financial distress. We show that financial le...

Simulation results are reported on methods that allow both within group and between group heteroscedasticity when testing the hypothesis that independent groups have identical regression parameters. The methods are based on a combination of extant techniques, but their finite-sample properties have not been studied. Included are results on the impact of removing all leverage points or just bad ...

The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of dividend policy in Malaysian financial institutions. Panel data set were constructed from 33 financial institutions in Malaysia for a period of 10 years (2001-2010). The results show a statistically significant positive relationship between dividend policy and profitability, which implies that Malaysian financial institutions distribu...

We develop a structural model for the analysis of systemic risk in financial markets based on asset price contagion. Specifically, we describe a mechanism of contagion where exogenous random shocks to individual agents in an economy force portfolio rebalancing and endogenously impact asset prices. This, in turn, creates a chain reaction as downstream agents trade in reaction to price changes. I...

As mentioned in Section 2.1.2, other types of financial covenants have two main forms. One type specifies an upper bound on book leverage, or analogously a lower bound on book equity (book net worth). As book equity is closely related to the accumulation of past earnings, this can be broadly viewed as a variant of EBCs. The popularity of this type of covenant has declined in the past twenty yea...

Profits show the performance of managers before related parties, such as investors and creditors. Therefore, often incorrectly state them in published annual financial reports to protect their reputation. Undoubtedly, this action needs be reduced by governance mechanism, like supervision institutions owner audit external public accountant firm. To control these two effects on profits management...

This study aims to determine the effect of financial distress, leverage, and capital intensity on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies basic & chemical sektors listed Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2017 - 2020. uses secondary data. The independent variables this are intensity. dependent variable used is avoidance. research data was obtained from annual reports (IDX) sampling technique pur...