Despite constant monitoring, we lack a good explanation for the 2018–2019 protest crisis in Nicaragua. The escalation of protests, repression, duration, and death toll are surprising. Applying novel political economic cost framework, benchmark Nicaragua’s historical recent protests explain Ortega administration’s responses, thus providing rich case (with comparative data context) that makes sen...

Abstract What is political about refugeehood? Theorists have assumed that refugees are special because their specific predicament as those who persecuted sets them aside from other “necessitous strangers.” Persecution a form of wrongful harm marks the repudiation person's membership and cannot—contrary to certain harms—be remedied where they are. It makes asylum necessary remedial institution. ...

Investigation of noncoding RNAs is in rapid progress, especially regarding translational repression by small (short) noncoding RNAs like microRNAs with 20-25 nucleotide-lengths, while long noncoding RNAs with nucleotide length of more than two hundred are also emerging. Indeed, our analysis has revealed that a long noncoding RNA transcribed from cyclin D1 promoter of 200 and 300 nucleotides exe...

Three copies of the mating-type genes, which determine cell type, are found in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The copy at the MAT locus is transcriptionally active, whereas identical copies of the mating-type genes at the HML and HMR loci are transcriptionally silent. Hence, HML and HMR, also known as the silent mating-type loci, are subject to a position effect. Regulatory sequenc...

The bile salt export pump (BSEP, ABCB11) is predominantly responsible for the efflux of bile salts, and disruption of BSEP function is often associated with altered hepatic homeostasis of bile acids and cholestatic liver injury. Accumulating evidence suggests that many drugs can cause cholestasis through interaction with hepatic transporters. To date, a relatively strong association between dru...

Although previous research on the correlates of political repression has found a negative linear relationship between democracy and repression, we maintain that the relationship is more complex. We focus instead on the role of threats as a key precipitant to political repression and contend that scholars should attend to both non-linearities in analyses of political repression as well as Fein’s...

The Drosophila Knirps protein is a short-range transcriptional repressor that locally inhibits activators by recruiting the CtBP co-repressor. Knirps also possesses CtBP-independent repression activity. The functional importance of multiple repression activities is not well understood, but the finding that Knirps does not repress some cis-regulatory elements in the absence of CtBP suggested tha...

Inbred lines derived from a strain called Sexi were analyzed for their abilities to repress P element-mediated gonadal dysgenesis. One line had high repression ability, four had intermediate ability and two had very low ability. The four intermediate lines also exhibited considerable within-line variation for this trait; furthermore, in at least two cases, this variation could not be attributed...

The bile salt export pump (BSEP, ABCB11) is predominantly responsible for the efflux of bile salts, and disruption of BSEP function is often associated with altered hepatic homeostasis of bile acids and cholestatic liver injury. Accumulating evidence suggests that many drugs can cause cholestasis through interaction with hepatic transporters. To date, a relatively strong association between dru...

Authoritarian regimes in the 21st century have increasingly turned to using information control rather than kinetic force respond threats their rule. This paper studies an often overlooked type of control: strategic labeling and public statements by regime sources response protests. Labeling protesters as violent criminals may increase support for repression signaling that protests are illegiti...