Bumb and Hoede have shown that a cooperative game can be split into two games, the reward game and the fine game, by considering the sign of quantities c v S in the c-diagram of the game. One can then define a solution x for the original game as x = x r − x f , where x r is a solution for the reward game and x f is a solution for the fine game. Due to the distinction of cooperation rewards and ...

A potential problem with local enforcement of national legislation is the varying level of application the decentralized structure may create. To study the severity of this problem, induced by mismatching local and national incentives, I look at the enforcement of the Swedish Environmental Code which is a national legislation enforced on the local level. I measure enforcement in terms of enviro...

Bumb and Hoede have shown that a cooperative game can be split into two games, the reward game and the fine game, by considering the sign of quantities cS in the c-diagram of the game. One can then define a solution x for the original game as x = xr − xf , where xr is a solution for the reward game and xf is a solution for the fine game. Due to the distinction of cooperation rewards and fines, ...

Subjects’ identification of briefly presented target fines can sometimes be facilitated by including noninformative lines of context in the display Ithe object-fine effect}. Previous explanations for this effect have claimed that stimulus properties such as three-dimensionality, connectedness, structural relevance, fine-masking, or fixation-point detail, allow fine-in-context stimuli to be proc...

In this paper we describe a new approach for the detection of fine structures in an image. This approach is based on the computation of the topological gradient associated to a cost function defined from a regularization of the data (possibly noisy). We get this approximation by solving a fourth order PDE. The study of the topological sensitivity is made both in the cases of a circular inclusio...

The sudden breach of a landslide dam seriously threatens the safety people and property downstream. failure mechanism dams is significantly affected by grain size distribution material. In this study, series experiments are conducted to investigate effects composition on stability, process, parameters dams. results show that remain stable with seepage for coarse-dominated dam, fail overtopping ...

Heat flow controls the design and operation of a wide range engineered geosystems. This study uses transient thermal probe measurements to determine evolution conductivity air-dry water-saturated sand–silt mixtures as function effective stress. Results confirm that soils varies with state stress, dry mass density, mineralogy, pore fluid properties highlight effect contact resistance on granular...

Resonant column tests were carried out on Hostun sand mixed with 5%, 10% and 20% non-plastic fines (defined as grains smaller than 0.075 mm) in order to quantify the combined influence of void ratio (e), anisotropic stress state σv′/σh′) content (fc) maximum small-strain shear modulus Gmax. A significant reduction Gmax increasing fc was observed. Using empirical model forwarded by Roesler, e σv...