Infrequent large-scale natural disturbance regimes are an integral component of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) forests of the central Rocky Mountains. Wildfires, bark beetle outbreaks, winds, and avalanches cause relatively drastic changes in community structure, composition, and function. These disturbances may occur independently or interact where the incidence of one may change the pot...

Nursing hospitals have a high probability of casualties during fire disaster because they many patients with impaired mobility. In this study, and egress simulations were conducted to evaluate the safety typical nursing hospital. The available safe time (ASET) prototype hospital was calculated using Fire Dynamics Simulator, required (RSET) estimated by Pathfinder, reflecting characteristics occ...

In this paper, we call finite dynamical system (FDS) a discrete time and finite range dynamical system. A FDS is called a finite lattice dynamical system (FLDS) when its transition function is defined on a finite lattice. Hence, the transition function of a FLDS is a lattice operator and can be represented by an union of sup-generating operators, characterized by the operator basis. The identif...

Abstract Modeling flow in vegetative fuel beds is a key component any detailed physics-based tool for simulating wildland fire dynamics. Current approaches drag modeling, particularly those employed multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, tend to take relatively simple form and have been applied wide range of structures. The suitability these has not rigorously tested conditions w...

Under the current background of navigation education, students generally lack a comprehensive grasp ship firefighting equipment’s operation. Therefore, we develop novel training simulator with multi-sensory human–computer interaction function for teaching and marine students. In simulator, consider container 1.8w containers as prototype ship, entire models are built using three-dimensional mode...

There is a need for fire modeling tools capable of rapid simulation of fire growth and smoke spread in multiple compartments with complex ventilation. Currently available tools are not capable of simulation of complex ventilation arrangements in a timely manner. To address this problem, a new fire model called Fire and Smoke SIMulator (FSSIM) has been developed. FSSIM is a network model whose c...