We provide new characterizations of the class of regular cost functions (Colcombet 2009) in terms of first-order logic. This extends a classical result stating that each regular language can be defined by a first-order formula over the infinite tree of finite words with a predicate testing words for equal length. Furthermore, we study interpretations for cost logics and use them to provide diff...

the global spread of english, co-occurring with globalization, has generated new views towards some issues in english language teaching, one of which being the place of home culture versus foreign language culture in english language classes. the following study aimed to compare the viewpoint of three groups, i.e. language teachers, language learners and parents regarding the role of home cultu...

The function u(t) need not be a member of C, but can be any Borel measurable function defined on OSj/^1, and may even be permitted to take on infinite values. The Wiener integral of a functional is simply the Lebesgue integral of the functional with respect to Wiener's measure [4]1 in C. This measure is not invariant under translations, but is in other respects a Lebesgue measure based on inter...

Abstract Contraction of want to wanna is sometimes possible (e.g., Who do you to/wanna stay with ___ ? ), but impossible to/*wanna stay? ). This contrast attributable the grammatical constraint that a wh -trace blocks contraction and . Most first language (L1) second (L2) acquisition studies testing learner knowledge this have used elicited production tasks focused on adult participants, incons...