In biomolecule mass spectrometry, peptides are usually ionized by an acidic solvent or matrix. It is generally accepted that the mobilization of attached protons weakens backbone bonds and facilitates peptide fragmentation. While this is often advantageous, it can lead to a multiplicity of fragment ions (both N-terminal an, bn and C-terminal yn ions). Formation of too many types of fragment ion...

Abstract: This paper presents a sensitivity analysis to multiobjective transportation problem. The proposed approach yields to maximum tolerance percentages in multiobjective transportation problem. The weighted sum approach is used to solve the multiobjective transportation problem. The proposed approach allows changing in both the weights and the objective function coefficients and the right ...

In this document, I outline a few challenging algorithmic problems arising in my research on optimal transportation. I have attempted to pose these problems in “discrete” language. It easily could be the case that they admit straightforward solutions— which is great news!—or that you can do little more than the obvious algorithm. Any and all guidance from members of the theory community is welc...

When solving hard multicommodity network flow problems using an LP-based approach, the number of commodities is a driving factor in speed at which LP can be solved, as it linear constraints and variables. The conventional approach to improve solve time relaxation Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model that encodes such instance aggregate all have same origin or destination. However, bound result...

The current situation of world’s environmental issues, indicates that not only the man-made environmental damages have not been diminished, but also has given rise to more acute issues such as water and soil pollution, biodiversity loss, ozone depletion, greenhouse phenomena, etc. One of the most prominent effects of urban development on environmental problems caused by solid waste generated in...

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China is facing urgent problems with rapid industrialization and urbanization. This article focused on the status of Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang province, China. The regulations, policies, implementation, barriers and solutions about source separation, separate collection, clean & direct transportation, treatment and disposal were introduc...