This study was conducted with the aim of achieving the simultaneous screening of various additives in polymer materials by utilizing a solvent-free pyrolyzer/thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py/TD-GC-MS) method. As a first step to achieve this goal, simultaneous screening has been examined by selecting major substances representing plasticizers and flame retardants, such...

Organophosphate (OP) and organophosphate ester (OPE) adducts of albumin are valuable biomarkers for retrospective verification of exposure. In the present study, our goal was to determine whether OPE flame retardants (OPE FRs) and OPE plasticizers can covalently bind to human serum albumin (HSA), which would allow the resulting adducts to be used to evaluate exposure. Eleven OPE FRs and plastic...

The four processes involved in the flammability of materials are described and related to the various flame retardance mechanisms that may operate. Following this the four practical approaches used in improving flame retardance of materials are described. Each approach is illustrated with a number of typical examples of flame retardants or synthetic procedures used. This overview of flammabilit...

Spectrometric techniques for the analysis of trace lead have developed rapidly due to the increasing need for accurate measurements at extremely low levels of this element in diverse matrices. This review covers separation and preconcentration procedures, and considers the features of the application with several spectrometric techniques. The use of an appropriate sample handling technique is a...

Spectrometric techniques for the analysis of trace lead have developed rapidly due to the increasing need for accurate measurements at extremely low levels of this element in diverse matrices. This review covers separation and preconcentration procedures, and considers the features of the application with several spectrometric techniques. The use of an appropriate sample handling technique is a...

Extinction limits and flame bifurcation of lean premixed dimethyl ether-air flames are investigated numerically using the counterflow flame with a reduced chemistry. Emphasis is paid to the combined effect of radiation and flame stretch on the extinction and flammability limits. A method based on the reaction front is presented to predict the Markstein length. The predicted positive Markstein l...

Ion pair dispersive liquid- liquid microextraction (IP-DLLME) method combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry was proposed for the determination of trace amounts of copper(II). By using pyrocatechol violet as chelating agent and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as an ion pairing agent, the trace amount of copper(II) was extracted in chloroform. The factors influencing the formation cop...

A column of alumina modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dimethylglyoxime (DMG) was prepared for the preconcentration of trace nickel from water samples for flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) determinations. Under optimized conditions (pH=7.0; flow rate: 20 mlmin-1) nickel was retained on the column. The nickel collected on the column was eluted with 5 mL of 1 M nitric ac...

Different solvent extracts of a red algae, Hypnea flagelliformis,and two brown algae, Cystoseira myrica and Sargassum boveanum, collected from the Persian Gulf coast were subjected to different bioassays including: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, antibacterial and antifungal activity by thin layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography, agar disc diffusion (ADD) ...

This paper investigates how the structure of three C3 oxygenated fuels: dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dimethoxymethane (DMM) and isopropanol (IPA) influences soot formation when fuels are blended with ethylene in laminar coflow diffusion flames. Up to 20% total carbon was substituted fuel. Colour-ratio pyrometry used measure volume fraction (fv). IPA caused a strong increase fv, whereas DMM DMC bot...