The articles in this special issue focus on new power system project happening around the world involving bottomup flexibility. authors not only share their technical knowledge about different opportunities and challenges but also lessons learned from actual implementations. In each article, discuss what is needed to move concepts forward. No one has a crystal ball, we trust these give energy c...

This paper studies the optimal control of, interaction between, and relative value of two types of flexibility under Markov models of demand and production: process flexibility and inventory flexibility. In our model, process flexibility is generated by a multi-functional production facility that can produce two types of products, and inventory flexibility is manifested in firm-driven one-way p...

Information System (IS) flexibility has been regarded as an important indicator of information technology success. This article provides a model of IS flexibility encompassing all stages of IS implementation and usage. The model considers the cognitive factors from IS staff and users as important leveraging IS flexibility with adaptation activities. A review of constructs extending from the int...

  Man raises level of his needs by falsifying the nature and construction of the built spaces. By examining various aspects and complex dimensions of the human, variable and different needs can be clearly seen. Therefore, an architectural construction, especially housing, should be able to set the access conditions to meet the highest level of the needs and achieve to the highest level of re...