During the last 20 years there have been significant innovations in injury repair and aftercare for patients who sustain zone 2 flexor tendon injuries. Improvements in our understanding of the mechanisms of repair and the variables that impact the function of the repair site have resulted in outcome improvements. The purpose of this article is to review advances in flexor tendon surgery and to ...

BACKGROUND Wide-awake flexor tendon repair in tourniquet-free unsedated patients permits intraoperative Total Active Movement examination (iTAMe) of the freshly repaired flexor tendon. This technique has permitted the intraoperative observation of tendon repair gapping induced by active movement when the core suture is tied too loosely. The gap can be repaired intraoperatively to decrease posto...

Tendon sheath fibromas are rare, benign soft-tissue tumours and usually involve tendons of the upper extremities, particularly the fingers. The most common presentation is a painless, slow-growing swelling. Tendon sheath fibromas are composed of dense fibrocollagenous stromas with scattered, spindle-shaped fibroblasts and narrow, slit-like vascular spaces. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance...

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon avulsion is a common injury in sports. This is secondary to forced extension against flexor digitorum profundus contraction. However, avulsion injury of the FDP tendon secondary to an enchondroma of the distal phalanx is extremely rare. There have only been three previous reports of such an occurrence. This report describes a fourth case of an avulsion in...

key features covered by this talk are, choice of transducers and needles; patient positioning; joint injections and aspirations; tendon sheath injections; cyst aspirations; biopsies.

objective: tendon never returns to its complete biological and mechanical properties after repair. bone marrow and, recently, adipose tissue have been used as sources of mesenchymal stem cells which have been proven to enhance tendon healing. in the present study, we compared the effects of allotransplantation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (bmscs) and adipose derived stromal ...

Giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) most commonly occur in the flexor tendon sheath of the hand and wrist, followed by the ankle and foot region. GCTTS in the knee joint is rare, particularly in children. The rate of occurrence in the adult knee is approximately 1.8 in each 1 million, but this includes both the localized form (GCTTS) and the more diffuse intra-articular form known as...

BACKGROUND Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) describes a set of symptoms caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist, which is the most common site of nerve compression in the upper limb. This syndrome is a primary source of pain and reduced function in these patients, and the cause is compression of the median nerve where it passes beneath the flexor retinaculum in the wrist. OBJECTIVE...

Case report A 21 year old white medical student asked for informal advice while she was attached to the rheumatology module. She gave a 10 year history of chronic pain and stiffness affecting the index finger of her left hand, with swelling of the proximal volar aspect of the finger. Over the last year she had noticed increasingly frequent triggering and difficulty with precision movements of t...