A large part of the branching vasculature of the mammalian circulatory and respiratory systems obeys Murray's law, which states that the cube of the radius of a parent vessel equals the sum of the cubes of the radii of the daughters. Where this law is obeyed, a functional relationship exists between vessel radius and volumetric flow, average linear velocity of flow, velocity profile, vessel-wal...

Turbulence-resolving simulations of wall-bounded flows at high Reynolds numbers are presently unattainable due to the need to resolve fully the energy-carrying eddies in the near-wall region. Hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy simulations (RANS/LES), in which the nearwall eddies are modelled in a Reynolds-averaged sense, provide a cost-saving alternative. However previous attempt...

This paper explores the notion and usefulness of nonstationary velocity profiles for high priority emergency vehicle transit on automated highways. These profiles are intended for use in the link layer of the hierarchical control architecture defined by the California Partners for Automated Transit and Highways (PATH) program. A non-stationary velocity profile which can be used to circulate tra...

purpose: to compare ophthalmic artery velocity in eyes with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (naion) with that of normal fellow eyes. methods: in this case-control study, 20 patients with unilateral naion and disease onset less than 8 weeks, were enrolled. using color doppler imaging, mean, maximum systolic and end diastolic ophthalmic artery velocities were evaluated. the result...

A new methodology for estimating the discharge starting from the monitoring of surface flow velocity, usurf, is proposed. The approach, based on the entropy theory, involves the actual location of maximum flow velocity, umax, which may occur below the water surface (dip phenomena), affecting the shape of velocity profile. The method identifies the two-dimensional velocity distribution in the cr...

In this paper, the steady two-dimensional hydromagnetic free convective flow of an incompressible viscous and electrically conducting fluid between two parallel vertical porous plates has been considered. The effect of induced magnetic field arising due to the motion of an electrically conducting fluid is taken into account. The governing equations of the motion are a set of simultaneous ordina...

A physical model of gabion overflow dams was studied to determine the velocity profile and Reynolds shear stress. Physical tests were done under two different conditions of dam crest, overflow dams with impermeable and with permeable crests. Instantaneous velocity components over dam crest were measured by an ADV (Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter) instrument. This instrument is capable of measuring...

In the 1980s, the development of Doppler echocardiography, especially pulsed wave Doppler techniques, provided significant progress in determining cardiac flow volumes. The pulsed wave Doppler method is based on a simple mathematical principle, which multiplies a flow area by its velocity during the flow time (velocity–time integral) to estimate a flow volume. This Doppler method assumes a spat...