The low-temperature flowering-response pathway, used as an inductive stimulus to induce flowering in plant species from temperate regions in response to cold temperature, has been extensively studied. However, limited information is available on the flower transition of several bulbous species, which require high temperature for flower differentiation. Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis (Chinese ...

Approximately 80 % of angiosperm species produce hermaphroditic flowers, which face the problem of male-male sexual interference (one or more anthers gets in the way of disseminating pollen from other anthers) or male-female sexual interference (the pistil interferes with disseminating pollen from the anthers by preventing the anther from touching a pollinator, or the anther prevents pollinator...

Endogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA) levels of Euphorbia esula L. primary root and root buds were examined at three phenologic stages. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, using (13)C(6)[benzene ring]-indole-3-acetic acid as internal standard, were used to measure root bud free and bound IAA levels in vegetative, full...

Flower constellations are a particular set of satellite constellations where every satellite covers the same repeating space track. When the flower constellations are visualized on an Earth centred earth fixed reference frame, the relative orbits shows flower-shaped figures centered on the Earth. In this paper the shape and the position of a particular flower constellations has been designed fo...

Several species of flower thrips, including the Florida flower thrips {Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan)}, Western flower thrips {F. occidentalis (Pergande)}, Eastern flower thrips {F. tritici (Fitch)}, and Scritothrips ruthveni Shull, have recently become known as pests of cultivated blueberries (Spiers et al. 2004). The three Franklinella species are pests of both rabbiteye and southern highbu...

The quantification of floral shape variations is difficult because flower structures are both diverse and complex. Traditionally, floral shape variations are quantified using the qualitative and linear measurements of two-dimensional (2D) images. The 2D images cannot adequately describe flower structures, and thus lead to unsatisfactory discrimination of the flower shape. This study aimed to ac...

Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the different flower development stages of Cananga odorata for the evaluation of floral volatile polymorphism as a basis to determine the best time of harvest. Electronic nose results, coupled with discriminant factor analysis, suggested that e...

W1, W3, W4, and Wm genes control flower color, whereas T and Td genes control pubescence color in soybean. W1, W3, Wm, and T are presumed to encode flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.88), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (EC 1.1.1.219), flavonol synthase (EC 1.14.11.23), and flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.21), respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the structure of the ...

This study was carried out to determine the nutritive value of sun flower meal treated and untreated with 0.5% urea and microwave using nylon bags technique in Gizel sheep. Two fistulaed Gizel sheep with average BW 45±2 kg were used in a complete randomized design. The treatments were as following: A: sun flower, B: sun flower treated with 0.5% urea, C: sun flower treated with microwave. The ru...

CdS crystallites with rod- and flower-like architectures were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal growth method. The hexagonal crystal structure of CdS dominated the growth mechanisms of the rod- and flower-like crystallites under specific growth conditions, as indicated by structural analyses. The flower-like CdS crystallites had a higher crystal defect density and lower optical band gap v...