Abstract We apply a robust steady state optimization method for stiff delay differential equations to the economic of fluidized catalytic cracking unit. Stiff systems appear in this case due different time scales gas and fluid phase. Delays result from catalyst hold-ups standpipes connecting riser regenerator. show that proposed can cope with stiffness delays. Moreover, is capable simultaneousl...

Gasification of pyrolysis oil was studied in a fluidized bed over a wide temperature range (523-914 °C) with and without the use of nickel-based catalysts. Noncatalytically, a typical fuel gas was produced. Both a special designed fluid bed catalyst and a crushed commercial fixed bed catalyst showed an initial activity for syngas (H2 and CO) production at T >700 °C. However, these catalysts los...

The catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of biomass represents an efficient integrated process to produce deoxygenated stable liquid fuels and valuable chemical products from lignocellulosic biomass. zeolite ZSM-5 is a widely studied catalyst for the CFP process. However, its microporous structure may limit diffusion high molecular weight intermediates active sites. Mesoporous aluminosilicates such a...

To reveal the origin of the CO oxidation activity of Ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs), we structurally characterized Ru NPs through Rietveld refinement analysis of high-energy X-ray diffraction data. For hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Ru NPs, the CO oxidation activity decreased with decreasing domain surface area. However, for face-centered cubic (fcc) Ru NPs, the CO oxidation activity became str...

The use of zeolite catalysts for the refining of products from methanol synthesis and Fisher-Tropsch synthesis was reviewed. The focus was on fuels refining processes and differences in the application to indirect liquefaction products was compared to petroleum, which is often a case of managing different molecules. Processes covered were skeletal isomerisation of n-butenes, hydroisomerisation ...

Pyrolysis is perceived as the missing link between management of end-of-life tires (ELTs) and tire industry because it strikes directly in transition from a linear to circular economy model toward defossilization diverse economic sectors. Tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) one most valuable interesting fractions derived ELTs. It contains chemicals including, among others, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, ...