Fluid therapy is one of the most controversial topics in perioperative management. There is continuing debate with regard to the quantity and the type of fluid resuscitation during elective major surgery. However, there are increasing reports of perioperative excessive intravascular volume leading to increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that judicious periop...

CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation is the main research method for assessing the wind environment around building complexes. Recent research showed the importance of turbulence models used in simulation and different turbulence models were developed to improve the precision of CFD simulation results. In this paper, a comparison of different turbulence models in simulating wind enviro...

A dam under seismic excitation contains several multi-physics coupled systems that are of interest in computational modeling. The greatest heterogenous coupled systems are the fluid-structure interaction between the fluid and the dam as well as the fluid and the soil. In addition, there is a region near the dam that is subject to bulk cavitation, where the fluid pressure drops below the vaporiz...

Nowadays, renal transplantation (RTx) is the best renal replacement therapy for children with end stage renal disease (ESRD) with the best survival [1]. However, RTx in children is more challenging than adults with differences in many aspects including the etiology of ESRD, the low circulatory volume and the more difficult maintenance of the extracellular fluid volume [2-3]. In many instances, ...

Our purpose was to study the interaction between Na(+) content and fluid volume on rehydration (RH) and restoration of fluid spaces and cardiovascular (CV) function. Ten men completed four trials in which they exercised in a 35 degrees C environment until dehydrated by 2. 9% body mass, were rehydrated for 180 min, and exercised for an additional 20 min. Four RH regimens were tested: low volume ...

In the present issue of Critical Care the breadth of ongoing research is reflected in the diversity of the subjects reported on. More evidence regarding what we should and should not be feeding our patients continues to emerge. A systematic review of immunonutrition trials [1] concludes that this therapy is of no benefit and may indeed be harmful. Outside the critical care arena, however, there...

Characterized by complex geometry and complicated dynamic process, biological fluid dynamics in swimming and flying is usually of large scale vortex flows with four-dimensional nature, namely, spatial three-dimensional and one-dimensional in time. Conventional theories for understanding power and energetics in swimming and flying rely exclusively on the consistent potential flow formulation in ...