We consider logics on Z and N which are weaker than Presburger Arithmetic and we settle the following decision problem: given a k-ary relation on Z and N which is first order definable in Presburger Arithmetic, is it definable in these weaker logics? These logics, intuitively, are obtained in two different ways. First by introducing modulo and threshold counting predicates on the difference of ...

INTRODUCTION Inferior oblique overaction (IOOA) can be primary or secondary, isolated or combined to other types of horizontal deviation, mostly with esotropias. Surgical weakening of IOOA means several techniques like; recession, myotomy, myectomy, anteroposition etc. GOALS we analyzed the effect of inferior oblique muscle surgical weakening comparing two groups of patients with primary hype...

Generally, design of the parts of an automobile is restricted by space especially components assembled in the engine room. Therefore traction motor for hybrid electric vehicle is designed by interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The IPMSM has high power density and efficiency because it generates not only magnetic torque but also reluctance torque. However, IPMSM is difficult to ...

This paper explores several patterns of consonantal weakening such as voicing and spirantization. Given that such weakening usually applies to either intervocalic or intersonorant obstruents, this paper contends that inherently redundant features such as [voice] for sonorants or [continuant] for vowels, cannot license their syllabic constituents, thus triggering consonantal weakening. In additi...

Abstract. By regulating the global transport of heat, freshwater, and carbon, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) serves as an important component climate system. During late 20th early 21st centuries, indirect observations models suggest a weakening AMOC. Direct AMOC also during century but with substantial interannual variability. Long-term has been associated increasing greenh...

Austin G. Fowler,1 William F. Thompson,1 Zhizhong Yan,1 Ashley M. Stephens,2 B. L. T. Plourde,3 and Frank K. Wilhelm1 1Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 2Centre for Quantum Computer Technology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia 3Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA !Received 20 April 20...