Hybrid FSO/RF system requires an efficient FSO and RF link switching to improve the capacity by realizing complementary benefits of both links. The dynamics network conditions, such as fog, dust, sand storms compound problem control complexity. To address this problem, we initiate study deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for hybrid systems. Specifically, focus on actor–critic called Actor/Critic...

In this paper, we theoretically analyze the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free-space optical (FSO) systems. The MIMO/FSO average channel capacity (ACC), which is expressed in terms of average spectral efficiency (ASE) is derived taking into account the atmospheric turbulence effects on the MIMO/FSO channel. They are modeled by log-normal and the gamma-gamma distributions ...

Novel exact closed-form results for the end-to-end performance analysis of dual-hop free-space optical (FSO) fixed-gain relaying systems under heterodyne detection as well as intensity modulation with direct detection techniques in the presence of atmospheric turbulence as well as pointing errors are presented. By using dual-hop FSO relaying, we demonstrate a better system performance relative ...

Four strains of Rickettsia prowazekii, isolated from flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans volans) from Florida and Virginia, were compared with other strains of the typhus biotype, two previously established strains each of R. prowazekii and R. typhi and one strain of R. canada, for similarities in a number of unrelated phenotypic characteristics. R. akari served as a spotted fever biotype contro...

Cerebral ischemic stroke is a common leading cause of disability. Flaxseed is a richest plant-based source of antioxidants. In this study, the effects of flaxseed oil (FSO) pretreatment on functional motor recovery and gene expression and protein content of neurotrophic factors in motor cortex area in rat model of brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) were assessed. Transient middle cerebral artery ...

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of treatment with flaxseed oil (FSO) on renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) injuries in rats. Materials and methods: In this study, 32 Wistar rats were randomly studied in four groups: Co+NS (Control group with normal saline administration), Sh+NS (sham group with normal saline administration), RIR+NS and RIR+FSO. FSO (0.2 ml) was ...