INDIAN PEDIATRICS 673 VOLUME 51__AUGUST 15, 2014 A 9-month-old girl weighing 6.4 Kg presented with fever and three episodes of vomiting for one day. The infant was administered measles vaccine 10 hours prior to onset of fever. Vitamin A was not given. On examination, the infant was febrile (101oF) and had a bulging, tense and pulsatile anterior fontanelle measuring 3 cm. Systemic examination, i...

The premature infant brain has been thoroughly studied by sonography, and normal standards for ventricular size have been established. Whether these apply to normal full-term infants is uncertain. Fifty-three healthy full-term infants were electively examined by real-time sonography through the anterior fontanelle on the first to sixth days of life. Nine had asymmetric lateral ventricles; two o...

Background/introduction Transcranial MR-guided Focused Ultrasound (TcMRgFUS) treatments are now clinically performed on adult patients for brain tumor or essential tremor therapies. However, no application has been proposed for children despite their thinner skull being less of an acoustic barrier and the presence of a fontanelle on neonates, which could constitute a natural acoustic window for...

BACKGROUND Instrumental deliveries are commonly performed in the United Kingdom and Ireland, with rates of 12 - 17% in most centres. Knowing the exact position of the fetal head is a pre-requisite for safe instrumental delivery. Traditionally, diagnosis of the fetal head position is made on transvaginal digital examination by delineating the suture lines of the fetal skull and the fontanelles. ...

A 8 ical examination revealed a large head and an open anterior fontanelle. The child's head circumference was about the 95th percentile for age. The remainder of the physical examination was normal. The mother reported that the patient was born by spontaneous vaginal delivery at 42-weeks gestation after an uncomplicated pregnancy. Medical history was remarkable only for a large head at birth, ...

In children with suspected cranial pathologies, three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging is superior to other modalities. It can help differentiate actual pathology from normal or variant appearances. Sutures and fontanelles, synostosis, abnormalities of head shape without craniosynostosis, congenital calvarial defects, cranial fractures, bone tumors, and postoperative cranial va...

Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma is a rare low-grade malignant brain tumor found in infants. Its pathological diagnosis can be made on the basis of its histological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining. A case of desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma, including its clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, is reported. Pr...

Six successive cases of congenital nephrotic syndrome are described. Each one showed flexion deformities of the knees and hips, widely open anterior and posterior fontanelles, and wide separation of the skull sutures. These abnormalities were present not only in cases in which the renal histology was of the microcystic Finnish type of congenital nephrotic syndrome, but also in those in which th...

We report a child with osteopetrosis, oxycephaly and Chiari type I malformation who presented with raised intracranial pressure. During cranial expansion surgery the patient developed sudden cardiac arrest which we believe was probably related to the Chiari malformation. The case highlights a previously unrecognized association between osteopetrosis, craniosynostosis and a persistently open fon...

In fetus, while minor degree of hydrocephalus often goes undetected, severe cases of obstructive variety present with the following features: 1 .the head is felt larger, globular and softer than the normal head 2.the head is high up and difficult to push down into pelvis 3.fetal heart sound is situated high up above the umbilicus 4.internal examination during labor may reveal widening of suture...