Since the invention of the internal combustion engine, traffic jams have become an inevitable part of life. ‘One of the problems faced by any transportation system is dealing with changes in traffic congestion’, says Tanya Latty, from the University of Sydney, Australia. ‘Sometimes there are simply more cars on the road than the system can handle’, she explains.And ants frequently face the same...

A number of food-borne parasitic zoonoses have been recorded in the Philippines and include echinostomiasis, artyfechinostomosis, fascioliasis, heterophydiasis, carneophallosis, clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, taeniasis, echinococcosis/hydatidosis, diphyllobothriosis/spirometrosis and sparganosis, intestinal capillariasis, gnathostomiasis, angiostrongylosis, toxoplasmosis and sarcosporidiosis. S...

UNLABELLED Feeding is vital for survival. The brain has strong hunger and reward mechanisms that ensure optimal food intake for adequate nutrition. The drive for feeding is particularly strong in humans whose large brains require large energy support. This starts immediately after birth; the newborn child being able to taste sucrose and suck the sweet and fat from its mother's milk. At present,...

Associations among feeding habit, beak type, and food source in birds have been widely studied and are well known to exist. The relationship between feeding habit and jaw apparatus in birds has not attracted attention from ornithologists, perhaps because of the complexity of the skeletal morphology of the feeding system of birds. The goal of this study was to compare the jaw apparatus and forag...

It is beyond dispute that the shape and structure of the mammalian mandible are influenced and controlled by the masticatory activities. Many developmental and experimental studies of the mandible have clarified the relation between structure and function. But the macroscopic observation from this point of view is not available. Most of the well-known textbooks of comparative and veterinary ana...

Lamarck called it “the inheritance of acquired characteristics”—the notion that an individual’s actions can alter the biological inheritance passed on to his or her children. For example, giraffes, according to Lamarck’s theory, had developed longer and longer necks over the generations because of the giraffe's practice of reaching higher and higher for food. The giraffe is... obliged to browse...

Clonorchiasis is caused by infection with food-borne liver fluke, namely Clonorchis sinensis, which is also considered to be a neglected tropical disease. It is estimated that over 10 million people are infected with C. sinensis in China and, subsequently, several thousand new cholangiocarcinoma cases occur annually. On May 18, 2014, China Central Television broadcasted an episode on the habit ...