in this work, all-solid-state potentiometric pvc membrane sensor was introduced for fast andsimple monitoring of mercury ions in waste water samples. the all solid sate electrode is made based on aconductive composite of graphite, reduced graphene oxide, epoxy resin on a copper wire. a thin layer pvcmembrane is then coated on the surface of the new conducting transducer. pvc membrane is compose...

copper sulfate was used as a precursor to prepare cuo nanoparticles in reverse micelles (o/w microemulsion).  this is a technique which allows the preparation of ultrafine metal oxide nanoparticles within the size ranging from 50 to 60 nm. the preparation of nano copper (ii) oxide studied was investigated in the inverse microemulsion system. therefore the nucleation of metal particles proceeds ...

network sensors consist of sensor nodes in which every node covers a limited area. the most common use ofthese networks is in unreachable fields.sink is a node that collects data from other nodes.one of the main challenges in these networks is the limitation of nodes battery (power supply). therefore, the use oftopology control is required to decrease power consumption and increase network acce...

detecting anomalies is an important challenge for intrusion detection and fault diagnosis in wireless sensor networks (wsns). to address the problem of outlier detection in wireless sensor networks, in this paper we present a pca-based centralized approach and a dpca-based distributed energy-efficient approach for detecting outliers in sensed data in a wsn. the outliers in sensed data can be ca...

a novel optical sensor has been proposed for sensitive determination of bismuth ion basedon immobilization of 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-1-naphthol on a triacetylcellulose membrane.chemical binding of bismuth ions in solution with a 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-1-naphtholimmobilized on the triacetylcelluse surface could be monitored spectrophotometrically. theoptode shows excellent response over wide concent...

routing in wireless sensor networks (wsns) is a very challenging task due to the large number of nodes, their mobility and lack of proper infrastructure. since the sensors are battery powered devices, energy efficiency is considered as one of the main factors in designing routing protocols in wsns. most of energy-aware routing protocols are mere energy savers that attempt to decrease the energy...

wireless sensor networks (wsns) arebecoming increasingly popular, and very useful in militaryapplications and environmental monitoring. however,security is a major challenge for wsns because they areusually setup in unprotected environments. our goal in thisstudy is to simulate an intrusion detection system (ids)that monitors the wsn and report intrusions accurately andeffectively. we have thus...

development of a suitable method for color sorting of agricultural products such as: tomato, apple and orange, based on surface reflection and image formation was the goal of this research. a suitable scheme of color differentiation using an optic head and electrical processing circuitry for separating red from green and other colors is presented. a photo-conductive transducer, electrical resis...

Recently, wireless sensor network (WSN) is the popular scope of research. It uses too many applications such as military and non-military. WSN is a base of the Internet of Things (IoT), pervasive computing. It consists of many nodes which are deployed in a specific filed for sense and forward data to the destination node. Routing in WSN is a very important issue because of the limitation of the...