Many factors related to the occurrence of browning disorder in ‘Braeburn’ apple were investigated, including harvest maturity, cumulative temperature in growing season, and different orchard locations. The incidence of browning disorder was related to the harvest time of fruit and the activity of superoxide dismutase. Superoxide dismutase activity was lower in late harvested ‘Braeburn’ apple fr...

Timely adoption of new varieties is critical to profitable peach production, and peach quality is a primary factor driving adoption. An adoption model for peach varieties is estimated, incorporating grower evaluations of peach quality. The model identifies the impact of farm characteristics such as the farmer's quality preferences, on-farm agronomic and orchard conditions, as well as geographic...

Since the inception of the freshshipping tree fruit industry shortly after the California Gold Rush (during the 1860s and 1870s) the state’s dominant orchard system has been the open vase, with trees trained into a wide “cone” tree shape at relatively ample spacings within the orchard. Originally, trees were planted on wide, 22-to-25-foot spacings (70 to 90 trees per acre) in both directions to...

we studied 11 gaps covered with beech saplings (< 1.30 m tall) in a reserve compartment (compartment 139, district one, langa forest, watershed 36: kazemrood) of the caspian beech forest in n iran. two transects, each 2 m wide, were laid along the longest (n-s) and shortest (e-w) axis of each gap. five micro sample plots, each 4 m2, were established: one at the center, and one at each corner. q...