Oak is the most important forest tree in Kurdistan province (Iran). Fungi are associated with oak trees as parasite, saprophyte and endophyte. The endophytic fungi are known components of biodiversity and have beneficial effects on host plants. During 2012-13 in a survey on endophytic fungi of oak trees in forest regions of Kurdistan province asymptomatic samples were collected from healthy twi...

Maximum height was assessed for tree species from seven temperate deciduous forests, one subtropical forest and one tropical forest and combined with published tree heights for three other tropical forests. The temperate deciduous forests showed a strong concentration of canopy species and a dearth of subcanopy species. In contrast, the four tropical forests showed more uniform distributions of...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of forest-based activities on the conditions of the ganaveh woodland in the southern zagros, iran, and to suggest strategies for improving the implementation of forest resource management plans. woodland inventory data was gathered in 2003, accompanied with data from interviews in 2008, were used in this study. the results show that there...

Genomic discovery in forest trees follows paradigms from both agricultural crop and livestock improvement and human medicine. Forest trees in a domesticated state can be improved using genomic-based breeding technologies, whereas the health of trees in a natural and undomesticated state might be managed using those same technologies. These applications begin by first dissecting complex traits i...

Variable retention harvest promotes biodiversity conservation in managed boreal forests by ensuring forest continuity and structural complexity. However, do post-harvest and post-fire patches maintain the same structural complexity? This study compares post-harvest and post-fire residual patches and proposes retention modalities that can maintain the same structural complexity as in natural for...

Random forests are a combination of tree predictors such that each tree depends on the values of a random vector sampled independently and with the same distribution for all trees in the forest. The generalization error for forests converges a.s. to a limit as the number of trees in the forest becomes large. The error of a forest of tree classifiers depends on the strength of the individual tre...

Current tree-to-tree models suffer from parsing errors as they usually use only 1best parses for rule extraction and decoding. We instead propose a forest-based tree-to-tree model that uses packed forests. The model is based on a probabilistic synchronous tree substitution grammar (STSG), which can be learned from aligned forest pairs automatically. The decoder finds ways of decomposing trees i...

Exponential Tree in the form of forest is proposed in such a manner that(a) it provides faster access of a node and, (b) it becomes more compatible with the parallel environment. Empirically, it has been show that the proposed method decreases the total internal path length of an Exponential Tree quite considerably. The experiments were conducted by creating three different data structures usin...

one of the indicators of management and sustainability control of forest resources is the definition deforestation and degradation types. these factors hazard quantitative and qualitative of the iranian forests. in this study with integrated approach, different forms of forest degradation identified in the forest areas with a reviews of library resources and then investigation the degree of sta...