The forging of metals is among the oldest working techniques—about 6000 years old [...]

Complex shapes are widely used to design products in several industries such as aeronautics, automotive and domestic appliances. Several variations of their curvatures and orientations generate difficulties during their manufacturing or the machining of dies used in moulding, injection and forging. Analysis of several parts highlights two levels of difficulties between three types of shapes: pr...

Security: Forging paper currency is difficult. Unfortunately, electronic currency is just data and is easily copied. Copying or double spending of electronic currency should be prevented or detected. Ideally the illegal creation, copying, and reuse of electronic cash should be unconditionally or computationally impossible. Some systems rely instead on post-fact detection and punishment of doubl...

In our previous works, the effects of forging and heat treatment variables on microstructure evolution mechanical properties have been studied for an ingot-metallurgy Re-bearing nickel base superalloy. To overcome issues associated with production large-scale ingots fine-grained workpieces, in present work, effect hot was a superalloy prepared via powder metallurgy. The purpose study to reach p...

We present a new method to forge ElGamal signatures if the public parameters of the system are not chosen properly. Since the secret key is hereby not found this attack shows that forging ElGamal signatures is sometimes easier than the underlying discrete logarithm problem.