A simple, low cost and portable microfluidic system based on a two-point alkaline picrate kinetic reaction has been developed for the determination of urinary creatinine. The creatinine reacts with picric acid under alkaline conditions, forming an orange-red colour, which is monitored on PDMS microchip using a portable miniature fibre optic spectrometer at 510 nm. A linear range was displayed f...

We investigate the phenomenon of particle creation of the massless scalar field in the model of spacetime in which, depending on the model’s parameter ao, the chronology horizon could be formed. The model represents a two-dimensional curved spacetime with the topology R × S which is asymptotically flat in the past and in the future. The spacetime is globally hyperbolic and has no causal patholo...

in this note we review a simple criterion, due to ekedahl, for superspecial curves defined over finite fields.using this we generalize and give some simple proofs for some well-known superspecial curves.

A silicon microcantilever sensor was developed for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The microcantilever was modified by anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies on the silicon surface of the cantilever. When the aquaria E. coli O157:H7 positive sample is injected into the fluid cell where the microcantilever is held, the microcantilever bends upon the recognition of the E. coli O157:H7 antigen...

Anaerobic digestion of animal manure in biogas digesters has shown promise as a technology in reducing the microbial load to safe and recommended levels. We sought to treat dairy manure obtained from the Fort Hare Dairy Farm by investigating the survival rates of bacterial pathogens, through a total viable plate count method, before, during and after mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Different mi...

Two-layer metallic sheets have wide applications in aerospace, marine, automotive and domestic industries due to their superlative characteristics. In this paper, the formability of two-layer sheet is investigated through analytical, experimental and numerical approaches. An analytical model is developed based on Marciniak-Kuczynski method associated Hill’s non-quadratic yield criterion. Formin...

This paper concerns the question of whether a more direct limit can be used to obtain the limit Hilbert Kunz multiplicity, a possible candidate for a characteristic zero Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity. The main goal is to establish an affirmative answer for one of the main cases for which the limit Hilbert Kunz multiplicity is even known to exist, namely that of graded ideals in the homogeneous coor...

We demonstrate a new sensitive biosensor for detection of vital fungal spores of Aspergillus niger. The biosensor is based on silicon microfabricated cantilever arrays operated in dynamic mode. The change in resonance frequency of the sensor is a function of mass binding to the cantilever surface. For specific A. niger spore immobilization on the cantilever, each cantilever was individually coa...

Elements in the interstellar medium (ISM) exist form of gas or dust. The extinction and elemental abundances provide crucial constraints on composition, size, quantity Most modeling efforts have assumed total (gas dust) dust-forming elements—known as "interstellar abundances," reference "cosmic abundances"—to be solar gas-phase to environmentally independent. However, it remains unclear whether...