A drug product combines pharmacologic activity with pharmaceutical properties. Desirable performance characteristics are physical and chemical stability, ease of processing, accurate and reproducible delivery to the target organ, and availability at the site of action. For the dry powder inhaler (DPI), these goals can be met with a suitable powder formulation, an efficient metering system, and ...

The Hamiltonian formalism for the continuous media is constructed using the representation of Euler variables in C 2 × ∞ phase space.

The goal of this article is to update the conceptualization and format of the traditional psychodynamic formulation to include new areas of knowledge and thereby increase its usefulness. Following a historical review of the concept of psychodynamic formulation, new elements are proposed as essential to update this clinical and educational tool. The traditional formulation format is described al...

The model of CB case formulation presented here has multiple historical origins. The most important is probably functional analysis (Haynes & O’Brien, 2000; Nezu, Nezu, Friedman, & Haynes, 1997), which itself has origins in operant conditioning theory and the tradition in psychology of the study of the single organism (Morgan & Morgan, 2001). We also rely heavily on the evidence-based formulati...

The origin of the algebra of the non-commuting operators of quantum mechanics is explained in the general Fényes-Nelson stochastic models in which the diffusion constant is a free parameter. This is achieved by continuing the diffusion constant to imaginary values, a continuation which destroys the physical interpretation, but does not affect experimental predictions. This continuation leads to...

We present a method for numerical wave propagation in a heterogeneous medium. The medium is defined in terms of an extended scatterer or target which is surrounded by many small scatterers. By extending the classic Foldy-Lax formulation we developed an efficient algorithm for numerical wave propagation in two dimension. In the method that we set forth multiple scattering among the point scatter...

A new formulation of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) P. A. Newman, J. S. Daniel, D. W. Waugh, and E. R. Nash Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory/Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Science Systems and Applica...

We make it precise what it means to have a connection with torsion as solution of the Einstein equations. While locally the theory remains the same, the new formulation allows for topologies that would have been excluded in the standard formulation of gravity. In this formulation it is possible to couple arbitrary torsion to gauge fields without breaking the gauge invariance.

For developing advanced query formulation methods for general multimedia data, we describe the issues related to video data. We distinguish between the requirements for image retrieval and video retrieval by identifying queryable attributes unique to video data, namely audio, temporal structure, motion, and events. Our approach is based on visual query methods to describe predicates interactive...

It is well-known that the equations for a simple fluid can be cast into what is called their Lagrange formulation. We introduce a notion of a generalized Lagrange formulation, which is applicable to a wide variety of systems of partial differential equations. These include numerous systems of physical interest, in particular, those for various material media in general relativity. There is prov...