To assess relationships between nucleotide polymorphisms of the prion protein (PRNP) gene and susceptibility to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), we investigated polymorphisms in the open reading frame (ORF) and 2 upper regions of the PRNP gene from 2 Japanese cattle breeds: 863 healthy Holstein cattle, 6 BSE-affected Holstein cattle, and 186 healthy Japanese Black (JB) cattle. In the ORF...

Dystocia or stillbirth accompanied by Large Offspring Syndrome (LOS) occurs rather frequently in Holstein nuclear transferred calves. In regard to prophylaxes, nuclear transferred Holstein fetuses were monitored with ultrasonography during the final stage of gestation. Fetal weight was estimated weekly based on the fetal metacarpal width using ultrasonography. Fourteen Holstein cows pregnant wi...

There are several different milking management systems in Latin America, because Gir cattle are reputed to be easily stressed and not well adapted to machine-milking. This paper, therefore, provides an overview of hormone release and behavior during suckling and milking in Gir cows and their cross-bred offspring. Several experiments were performed to study oxytocin release during exclusive suck...

Twenty-four Angus x Holstein heifers were utilized in the single-calf heifer system. Calves were weaned from one-half of the dams between d 64 and 89 postpartum. Dam’s were gradually adapted to a high concentrate diet over a four wk period at the beginning of the trial. Heifers that had their calves early weaned (EW) gained 44.2% faster (P < .01) and consumed 10.8% less (P < .05) DM than lactat...

to examine the effects of different sources of rumen-degradable carbohydrates on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism and performance of holstein dairy cows, four lactating holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulae in a 4×4 latin square with four diets and four 28 day periods each, were employed. experimental diets contained different levels of pure sucrose and corn starch in which sucrose wa...

The Holstein Friesian and Chianina cattle breeds are representative of extreme selection for milk and meat traits, respectively, with significant changes in metabolism resulting from human selection over the past centuries. In the present study, we wanted to assess whether selection for different purposes has had a measurable effect on liver metabolism through a comparison of the protein and ge...

Serotonin is known to regulate energy and calcium homeostasis in several mammalian species. The objective of this study was to determine if pre-partum infusions of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the immediate precursor to serotonin synthesis, could modulate energy homeostasis at the level of the hepatocyte in post-partum Holstein and Jersey dairy cows. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows and twelve ...

Analyses were conducted to evaluate the ability of the USDA yield grade equation to detect differences in subprimal yield of beef-type steers and calf-fed Holstein steers that had been fed zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; Intervet Inc., Millsboro, DE) as well as those that had not been fed ZH. Beef-type steer (n = 801) and calf-fed Holstein steer (n = 235) carcasses were fabricated into subprimal ...

We used DNA samples of 810 German Holstein–Friesian cattle genotyped by the Illumina Bovine SNP50K BeadChip to analyze linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure. A panel of 40’854 (75.65%) markers was included into the final analysis. The pair-wise r statistic of SNPs apart up to 5Mbp across the genome was estimated. A mean value of r =0.30 ± 0.32 was observed in pair-wise distances of <25 Kb and i...

The objective of this study was to compare test-day (TD) models with autoregressive covariance structures for the estimation of genetic and environmental components of variance for milk, fat and protein yields, and somatic cell score (SCS) in Holstein cows. Four models were compared: model I (CS model) was a simple TD repeatability animal model with compound symmetry covariance structure for en...