Current ethanol production processes using crops such as corn and sugar cane have been well established. However, the utilization of cheaper lignocellulosic biomass could make bioethanol more competitive with fossil fuels while avoiding the ethical concerns associated with using potential food resources. In this study, Miscanthus, a lignocellulosic biomass, was pretreated using NaOH to produce ...

Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) are two main wastes from oil palm industries which contain rich lignocellulose. Degradation of EFB and POME by microorganisms will produce hydrolytic enzyme which will degrade cellulose and hemicellulose during composting process. However, normal composting takes about four to six months to reach maturity. Hence, application of fungi i...

FPU models, in dimension one, are perturbations either of the linear model or of the Toda model; perturbations of the linear model include the usual β-model, perturbations of Toda include the usual α+β model. In this paper we explore and compare two families, or hierarchies, of FPU models, closer and closer to either the linear or the Toda model, by computing numerically, for each model, the ma...

This paper reviews results about the existence of spatially localized waves in nonlinear chains of coupled oscillators, and provides new results for the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) lattice. Localized solutions include solitary waves of permanent form and traveling breathers which appear time periodic in a system of reference moving at constant velocity. For FPU lattices we analyze the case when the ...

We investigated the effect of pretreatment on the physicochemical characteristics-crystallinity, bed porosity, and volumetric specific surface of soybean hulls and production of cellulolytic enzymes in solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus oryzae cultures. Mild acid and alkali and steam pretreatments significantly increased crystallinity and bed porosity without signifi...

The main goal of this research is to develop the concept of an innovative processor system called Functional Processor System. The particular work carried out in this paper focuses on the execution of functions in the heterogeneous functional processor units(FPU) and integration of functions to bring net results. As the functional programs are super-level programs, the requirements of execution...

Cellulose is a major constituent of renewable lignocellulosic waste available in large quantities and is considered the most important reservoir of carbon for the production of glucose, for alternative fuel and as a chemical feedstock. Over the past decade, the emphasis has been on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose and the efficiency of which depends on source of cellulosic subst...

We consider the energy current correlation function for the FPU-β lattice. For small non-linearity one can rely on kinetic theory. The issue reduces then to a spectral analysis of the linearized collision operator. We prove thereby that, on the basis of kinetic theory, the energy current correlations decay in time as t−3/5. It follows that the thermal conductivity is anomalous, increasing as N ...

testosterone level was determined in six different populations of iran using saliva steroid assay. significant difference was observed in morning and afternoon testosterone level of the same individual (p>0.00l) significant difference was also noticed among different regions studied (p>0.00 1). comparisons between alcoholics and nonalcoholic as well as smokers and nonsmokers showed significant ...

New time-resolved experiments by Misochko et al published in a recent issue of J. Phys.: Condens. Matter [1] have furthered our understanding of the complex behaviour of Bi far from equilibrium. There has been a long-standing interest in the dynamical path from a coherent to a stochastic state. In 1955, Fermi, Pasta, and Ulam (FPU) [2] numerically tested the ergodicity hypothesis of statistical...