Gear’s normal contact stiffness played an important role in the mechanical equipment. In this paper, the M-B fractal model is modified and the contact surface coefficient is put forward to set up the fractal model, considering the influence of friction, which could be used to calculate accurately the involute arc cylindrical gears’ normal contact stiffness based on the fractal theory and Hertz ...

With the advance of wireless communication systems and increasing importance of other wireless applications, wideband and low profile antennas are in great demand for both commercial and military applications. Multi-band and wideband antennas are desirable in personal communication systems, small satellite communication terminals, and other wireless applications. Wideband antennas also find app...

The main metabolism of yeasts produces bioethanol. Bioethanol, which is produced from biomass and bioenergy crops, has been promoted as one the most viable alternatives to fossil fuels. following reaction represents all knowledge we have regarding intracellular reactions their regulatory mechanisms: biomass+substrates→ethanol+biomass(morecells). Atangana suggested new operators based on a combi...

a major concern of farmers is deterioration of the soil and water resources. soil management is the most direct way for mankind to interfere with natural processes that may either intensify or hinder soil degradation. fractal geometry has been widely used to describe heterogeneity in a wide range of natural processes, including physical systems of soil. in this study, the effects of different m...

The Ardabil geothermal area is located in the northwest of Iran, which hosts several hot springs. It is situated mostly around the Sabalan Mountain. The Sabalan geothermal area is now under investigation for the geothermal electric power generation. It is characterized by its high thermal gradient and high heat flow. In this study, our aim is to determine the fractal parameter and top and botto...

introduction nowadays, many studies were performed about noise source and its type and effects related to duration of sound emission. most of these researches just report sound pressure level in frequency or time domain. these researches should be continued in order to find better absorber material in noise pollution. use of fractal geometry is a new method in this filed. wave fractal dimension...

The engineering properties of particulate materials are the collective manifestation interactions among their constituent particles and structures within which adopt spatial arrangement. For first time in literature, this paper employs an extended concept ‘fractals’ to show that constituting a certain size can be rationalized three universal fractals. Within each fractal, build repeatable, repr...

Fractal patterns offer one way to represent the rough complexity of the natural world. Whilst they dominate many of our visual experiences in nature, little large-scale perceptual research has been done to explore how we respond aesthetically to these patterns. Previous research (Taylor et al., 2011) suggests that the fractal patterns with mid-range fractal dimensions (FDs) have universal aesth...

In this paper, a fractal photonic crystal fiber (F-PCF) based on the 1st iteration of Koch fractal configuration for optical communication systems is presented. Complex structure of fractal shape is build up through replication of a base shape. Nowadays, fractal shapes are used widely in antenna topics and its usage in PCF has not been investigated yet. The purpose of this research is to compar...