Abstract UnReinforced Masonry (URM) buildings constitute the majority of Italian building stock and represent one most vulnerable construction typologies, as emerged during seismic events occurred in last decades. The objective present work is proposal a methodology for vulnerability fragility assessment different typologies URM buildings. Through statistical analysis post-earthquake damage sur...

Research on state fragility has seldom examined questions of persistence and transition of states. We develop a sixfold typology of states to examine how key structural features of states evolve and contribute to successful exits from fragility in some cases and persistence in others. Particularly worrisome is the lack of positive transition among the weakest states. Our findings are derived fr...

Abnormalities in osmotic fragility have been observed in hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, thalassaemia and iron-deficient red cells (1). Harris et al have reported a decrease in osmotic fragility of the red cells of sickle cell anaemia patients from Africa (2). The Indian patients are genetically and clinically different from the African patients ...

I T HAS been demonstrated by Fahraeus’4 that normal red blood cells have a tendency to bcccme spheroidal in shape after standing in vitro at body ternperature. G#{228}nsslen,5 Haden6 and Castle and Daland7 have shown that spheroidal red cells are more susceptible to osmotic hemolysis than are normal corpuscles. Haden found that normal red cells when suspended in graded hypotonic salt solutions ...

Secale cereale (rye) with its vitally importance can have a marked place in the world cereal production, particularly in North Europe. This study concerns morphology, taxonomy and cytotaxonomy of this species in Iran. Based on the evaluation of 12 qualitative and quantitative morphological characters and using phenetic analysis, it was revealed that, S. cereale occurs in Iran with two subspecie...

Many polymers exhibit much steeper temperature dependence of their structural relaxation time (higher fragility) than liquids of small molecules, and the mechanism of this unusually high fragility in polymers remains a puzzle. To reveal additional hints for understanding the underlying mechanism, we analyzed correlation of many properties of polymers to their fragility on example of model polym...

The main aim of the present study is to optimize steel moment frames in the framework of performance-based design and to assess the seismic collapse capacity of the optimal structures. In the first phase of this study, four well-known metaheuristic algorithms are employed to achieve the optimization task. In the second phase, the seismic collapse safety of the obtained optimal designs is evalua...

The fuzzy logic concept provides a natural way of dealing with problems in which the source of imprecision is an absence of sharply defined criteria rather than the presence of random variables. The fuzzy approach considers cases where uncertainties play a role in the control mechanism of the concerned phenomena. Fuzzy modeling includes fuzzification, fuzzy analysis and defuzzification. In this...