In this study, the substituent effect on the electronic, spectroscopic properties and thermodynamic parameters of neutral and oxidized states of ferrocylidene acetophenone complexes was investigated by adopting the hybrid meta exchange-correlation functional of M06-2X. The frontier orbitals and the highest occupied molecular orbitals–lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals gaps of the substituted ...

this paper modeled heating air of a room through examining free convection in a 3d chamber. the chamber had cold and hot sources with tc and th temperatures, respectively. its other walls were adiabatic. this study aimed at predicting effect of temperature difference, displacement of hot and cold sources and their aspect ratio on flow field, temperature and heat transfer rate. to conduct the st...

in this paper, free convection in an inclined stepped chamber has been studied. one wall of this enclosure is kept cold and the opposite wall equipped with constant heat source. the remaining walls are maintained adiabatic. there is one adiabatic step on the bottom wall. the aim of the present study is to forecast the effect of raleigh number, slope of enclosure, step dimension, and heat source...

We applied fluorescence detection methods on the single-molecule level to study structural variations and dynamic processes occurring within nucleosomes. Four fluorescent nucleosome constructs were made by attaching donor and acceptor fluorophores to different positions of two nucleosome positioning sequences and reconstituting nucleosomes by salt dialysis. The photochemical and biochemical sta...

Respiratory complex I converts the free energy of ubiquinone reduction by NADH into a proton motive force, a redox reaction catalyzed by flavin mononucleotide(FMN) and a chain of seven iron-sulfur centers. Electron transfer rates between the centers were determined by ultrafast freeze-quenching and analysis by EPR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The complex rapidly oxidizes three NADH molecules. The e...

Experimental data are reviewed that are not in keeping with the scheme of 'delocalized' protonic coupling in membrane-linked free-energy transduction. It turns out that there are three main types of anomalies: (i) rates of electron transfer and of ATP synthesis do not solely depend on their own driving force and on delta mu H, (ii) the ('static head') ratio of delta Gp to delta mu H varies with...

Two types of reaction have been described in which a reversal of electron transfer may occur: (a) energy-linked reduction of pyridine nucleotide in the presence of a flavin-linked substrate (I) and (b) energy-linked oxidation of cytochrome and reduction of pyridine nucleotide (2). In the latter, the presence of both oxidized and reduced forms of the respiratory carriers suggests that the system...